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FOURTH
SECTION
DECISION
Application no.
36321/08
Arkadiusz SOŁOBODOWSKI
against Poland
The
European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting on
21 February 2012 as a Committee composed of:
David
Thór Björgvinsson,
President,
Nebojša
Vučinić,
Vincent
A. De Gaetano,
judges,
and
Fatoş Aracı, Deputy
Section Registrar,
Having
regard to the above application lodged on 28 July 2008,
Having
regard to the declaration submitted by the respondent Government on
16 November 2011 requesting the Court to strike the application out
of the list of cases and the applicant’s reply to that
declaration,
Having
deliberated, decides as follows:
THE FACTS
- The
applicant, Mr Arkadiusz Sołobodowski, is a Polish national who
was born in 1983 and is currently detained in Iława Prison. The
Polish Government (“the Government”) were represented by
their Agent, Mr J. Wołąsiewicz of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
A. The circumstances of the case
- The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, may
be summarised as follows.
1. Criminal proceedings against the applicant and his
pre-trial detention
- On
15 March 2005 the applicant was arrested on suspicion of robbery and
murder.
- On
17 March 2005 the Nowe Miasto Lubawskie District Court (Sąd
Rejonowy) remanded the applicant in custody, relying on the
reasonable suspicion that he had committed the offence in question.
It attached importance to the likelihood of a severe sentence of
imprisonment being imposed on the applicant and the risk that he
would attempt to obstruct the proceedings.
- An
appeal by the applicant against the detention order, and likewise his
further appeals against some of the decisions extending his detention
and all his subsequent applications for release and appeals against
refusals to release him were unsuccessful.
- On
an unspecified date the prosecution filed a bill of indictment with
the Elbląg Regional Court (Sąd
Okręgowy). The applicant
was charged with robbery and aggravated murder.
- On
7 November 2005 the trial court held the first hearing.
It subsequently held 15 hearings. Throughout the proceedings the
applicant was represented by a legal-aid lawyer who actively
participated in the trial by lodging motions and questioning
witnesses.
- During
the court proceedings the courts further extended the applicant’s
pre-trial detention on several occasions, namely on 6 June 2005 (to
30 September 2005), 27 September 2005 (to 31 December 2005),
19 December 2005 (to 31 March 2006) and on an unspecified
subsequent date.
- The
courts repeated the grounds previously given for the applicant’s
continued detention. They also emphasised the need to obtain further
items of evidence such as a mental health report on two other
accused, expert reports on dactyloscopic data and the DNA testing as
well as the ballistics report. Finally, the court found no grounds
warranting the applicant’s release from detention as provided
for by Article 259 of the Code.
- On
29 June 2006 the Elbląg Regional Court found the applicant
guilty as charged and sentenced him to 15 years’ imprisonment.
- The
applicant appealed. He remained detained pending the appellate
proceedings.
- On
13 December 2006 the Gdańsk Court of Appeal (Sąd
Apelacyjny) quashed the impugned judgment and remitted the case.
- During
re-trial the courts further extended the applicant’s pre-trial
detention on several occasions, namely on 19 December 2006 (to 31
March 2007), 20 March 2007 (to 20 September 2007) and 20 September
2007 (to 31 December 2007). The courts repeated the grounds
previously given for the applicant’s continued detention. In
addition, they underlined the need to obtain additional expert
reports.
- On
20 November 2007 the Elbląg Regional Court found the applicant
guilty as charged and sentenced him to 15 years’ imprisonment
(case no. II K 11/07). The applicant appealed. The applicant
remained detained pending the appellate proceedings.
- On
8 May 2008 the Gdańsk Court of Appeal quashed the impugned
judgment and remitted the case.
- During
another re-trial the courts further extended the applicant’s
pre-trial detention on several occasions, namely on 16 April 2008
(to 30 June 2008), 26 June 2008 (to 26 December 2008) and
on an unspecified subsequent dates. The courts repeated the grounds
previously given for the applicant’s continued detention.
- On
13 March 2009 the Elbląg Regional Court found the applicant
guilty as charged and sentenced him to 15 years’ imprisonment.
The applicant appealed.
- On
3 November 2009 the Gdańsk Court of Appeal changed the legal
qualification of the offence from aggravated murder to murder and
upheld the remainder of the first-instance court judgment.
- On
14 May 2010 the applicant’s legal-aid counsel informed him that
she had found no grounds for lodging a cassation appeal.
- Between
27 November 2005 and 27 February 2006 the applicant was serving a
prison sentence imposed on him in another set of criminal
proceedings.
2. Proceedings under the 2004 Act (case no. S 19/08)
- On
an unspecified date the applicant lodged with the Gdańsk Court
of Appeal a complaint under section 5 of the Law of 17 June 2004
on complaints about a breach of the right to a trial within a
reasonable time (Ustawa o skardze na naruszenie prawa strony do
rozpoznania sprawy w postępowaniu sądowym bez
nieuzasadnionej zwłoki) (“the 2004 Act”).
- On 27 May 2009 the Gdańsk Court of Appeal
dismissed the applicant’s complaint. The court noted that the
hearings in the applicant’s case were held regularly, at short
intervals. In its analysis the court examined only the course of the
proceedings after 13 May 2009 stating that the applicant’s
complaint could only refer to the current stage of the proceedings.
3. Conditions of the applicant’s detention
- Between
15 March 2005 and 25 March 2009 the applicant was detained in Elbląg
Remand Centre. The applicant submitted that during the entire period
of his detention in that penitentiary facility he was held in
overcrowded cells in conditions which did not comply with the basic
standards of hygiene.
4. Other issues
- Following
the applicant’s conviction on 29 June 2006, two local
newspapers Dziennik Elbląski and Gazeta Nowomiejska
published on 2 July 2006 articles reporting on the criminal
proceedings against him. They stated inter alia that the
applicant had been convicted by the first-instance court of murder
and had been sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment. The applicant
was identified by his name and the first letter of his surname. A
photograph from a courtroom was published but his face was covered.
B. Relevant domestic law and practice
1. Preventive measures, including pre-trial detention
- The
relevant domestic law and practice concerning the imposition of
pre-trial detention (tymczasowe aresztowanie), the grounds for
its extension, release from detention and rules governing other,
so-called “preventive measures” (środki
zapobiegawcze) are stated in the Court’s judgments in the
cases of Kudła v. Poland
[GC], no. 30210/96, §§ 75-79, ECHR 2000-XI; Bagiński
v. Poland, no. 37444/97, §§ 42-46, 11 October 2005; and
Celejewski v. Poland, no. 17584/04, §§ 22-23, 4 May
2006.
2. Length of proceedings
- The
relevant domestic law and practice concerning remedies for the
excessive length of judicial proceedings, in particular the
applicable provisions of the 2004 Act, are stated in the Court’s
decisions in the cases of Charzyński v. Poland no.
15212/03 (dec.), §§ 12-23, ECHR 2005-V; Ratajczyk v.
Poland no. 11215/02 (dec.), ECHR 2005-VIII; and the judgment in
the case of Krasuski v. Poland, no. 61444/00, §§
34-46, ECHR 2005-V.
COMPLAINTS
- Invoking
Article 3 of the Convention, the applicant alleged that he was beaten
by police officers during his arrest on 15 March 2005.
- The
applicant further complained under Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention
about the inadequate conditions of his detention in Elbląg
Remand Centre.
- Invoking
in substance Article 5 § 3 of the Convention, the applicant
complained about the length of his pre-trial detention.
- The
applicant also complained under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention
about the length of the criminal proceedings against him and
further under the same Article about the unfairness of those
proceedings, in particular that he was not able to question the key
witness.
- Relying
on Article 6 § 2 of the Convention, the applicant further
complained that articles published on 2 July 2006 by local newspapers
Dziennik Elbląski and Gazeta Nowomiejska contained
untruthful information about him and violated his right to
presumption of innocence.
- Invoking
Article 8, the applicant alleged that he was defamed by the authors
of the articles published in Dziennik Elbląski and Gazeta
Nowomiejska.
- Further
under Article 8 of the Convention the applicant complained that he
was deprived of contact with his family between March and September
2005 and that his correspondence was deliberately delayed by prison
authorities.
THE LAW
A. Length of pre-trial detention and length of
proceedings
- The
applicant complained about the length of his pre-trial detention. He
relied on Article 5 § 3 of the Convention which, in so far as
relevant, provides as follows:
Article 5 § 3
“Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with
the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be
... entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending
trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.”
- He
further complained about the length of the criminal proceedings
against him. He relied on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention which,
in so far as relevant, provides as follows:
Article 6 § 1
“In the determination of ... any criminal charge
against him, everyone is entitled to a ... hearing within a
reasonable time by [a] ... tribunal...”
- By
letter dated 16 November 2011 the Government informed the Court that
they proposed to make a unilateral declaration with a view to
resolving the issue raised by this part of the application. They
further requested the Court to strike out the application in
accordance with Article 37 of the Convention.
- The declaration provided as follows:
“...The Government hereby wish to express –
by way of the unilateral declaration – its acknowledgement of
the violation of reasonableness of the length of the applicant’s
pre-trial detention and the judicial proceedings within the meaning
of Articles 5 § 3 and 6 § 1 of the Convention.
In these circumstances, the Government declare that they
are ready to pay the applicant the amount of PLN 12,000, which they
consider to be reasonable in the light of the Court’s case-law
(see, inter alia, Dublas v. Poland, application no. 48247/06,
judgment of 7 October 2008; Boldyrev v. Ukraine, application
no. 27889/03, judgment of 20 January 2011; Prokopenko v. Ukraine,
application no. 5522/04, judgment of 20 January 2011; Shenoyev v.
Russia, application no. 2563/06, judgment of 10 June 2010; and
Szydłowski v Poland, application no. 1326/04, judgment of
16 October 2007). The sum referred to above, which is to cover
any pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage, as well as costs and
expenses, will be free from any taxes that may be applicable. It will
be payable within three months from the date of notification of the
decision taken by the Court pursuant to Article 37 § 1 of the
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights. In the event
of failure to pay this sum within the three-month period, the
Government undertake to pay simple interest on it, from the expiry of
that period until settlement, at a rate equal to the marginal lending
rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus
three percentage points. ...
The Government would respectfully suggest that the above
declaration might be accepted by the Court as ‘any other
reason’ justifying the striking out of the case of the Court’s
list of cases, as referred to in Article 37 § 1 (c) of the
Convention. ...”
- In
a letter of 2 December 2011 the applicant expressed the view that the
Government’s declaration was unacceptable as it did not refer
to all the issues he had raised in his application.
- The
Court recalls that Article 37 of the Convention provides that it may
at any stage of the proceedings decide to strike an application out
of its list of cases where the circumstances lead to one of the
conclusions specified under (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph 1 of that
Article. Article 37 § 1 (c) enables the
Court in particular to strike a case out of its list if:
“for any other reason established by the Court, it
is no longer justified to continue the examination of the
application”.
- It
also recalls that in certain circumstances, it may strike out an
application under Article 37 § 1 (c) on the basis of a
unilateral declaration by a respondent Government even if the
applicant wishes the examination of the case to be continued.
- To this end, the Court will examine carefully the
declaration in the light of the principles emerging from its
case-law, in particular the Tahsin Acar judgment
(Tahsin Acar v. Turkey, [GC], no. 26307/95, §§
75-77, ECHR 2003-VI); WAZA Spółka z o.o. v. Poland
(dec.) no. 11602/02, 26 June 2007; and Sulwińska v.
Poland (dec.) no. 28953/03).
- The
Court has established in a number of cases, including those brought
against Poland, its practice concerning complaints under
Article 5 § 3 of the Convention about the length
of pre-trial detention (see Kauczor v. Poland, no. 45219/06, 3
February 2009 with further references). It has also addressed, in
numerous cases, its practice concerning complaints about the
violation of one’s right to a hearing within a reasonable time
(see, for example, Frydlender v. France [GC], no. 30979/96, §
43, ECHR 2000 VII; Cocchiarella v. Italy
[GC], no. 64886/01, §§ 69-98, ECHR 2006 ....; Majewski
v. Poland, no. 52690/99, 11 October 2005; and Wende and
Kukówka v. Poland, no. 56026/00, 10 May 2007).
- Having
regard to the nature of the admissions contained in the Government’s
declaration, as well as the amount of compensation proposed –
which is consistent with the amounts awarded in similar cases –
the Court considers that it is no longer justified to continue the
examination of this part of the application (Article 37 § 1
(c)).
- Moreover,
in light of the above considerations, and in particular given the
clear and extensive case-law on the topic, the Court is satisfied
that respect for human rights as defined in the Convention and the
Protocols thereto does not require it to continue the examination of
this part of the application (Article 37 § 1 in fine).
- Accordingly,
it should be struck out of the list.
B. Remaining complaints
- Invoking
Article 3 of the Convention, the applicant complained that he had
been beaten by police officers during his arrest on 15 March 2005.
The Court notes that the applicant lodged his application on 28 July
2008. It follows that this complaint has been introduced out of
time and must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 §§
1 and 4 of the Convention.
- The
applicant also complained under Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention
about the inadequate conditions of his detention. The Court notes
that the applicant failed to lodge with the Polish civil courts an
action under Article 24 taken in conjunction with Article 448 of the
Civil Code seeking compensation for the infringement of his personal
rights. It follows that this complaint must be rejected under Article
35 §§ 1 and 4 of the Convention for non-exhaustion of
domestic remedies.
- Relying
on Article 6 § 1 of the Convention the applicant further
complained about the unfairness of the criminal proceedings against
him, in particular that he was not able to question the key witness.
The Court notes that all the witnesses in the criminal proceedings
against the applicant were duly questioned by his legal counsel. It
follows that this part of the application is manifestly ill founded
and must be rejected in accordance with Article 35 § 3 and 4 of
the Convention.
- The
applicant also alleged under Article 6 § 2 of the Convention
that articles published on 2 July 2006 by local newspapers Dziennik
Elbląski and Gazeta Nowomiejska contained untruthful
information about him and violated his right to presumption of
innocence. The applicant provided