Scottish Court of Session Decisions

Subject_1 IDIOTRY and FURIOSITY.

Blair
v.
Blair

1747. July 25. 1748. June 18.
Case No. No 11.

An not capable of marriage.

Click here to view a pdf copy of this documet : PDF Copy

In the process at the instance of John Blair, second son to the deceased David Blair of Borgue, before the Commissaries of Edinburgh, for declaring the nullity of the alleged marriage of Hugh, his eldest brother, on this ground, “That the said Hugh is, and from his infancy has been, so far in the state of idiotry, as to be incapable of giving consent in any contract, and more especially incapable of the matrimonial vows;” the Commissaries “Allowed either party a proof before answer.”

Of which the defender having complained by bill of advocation, the chief reason insisted on was, that the process depended on an allegation of idiotry, to which the Commissaries were not judges competent, it being only cognoscible before the Judge Ordinary by an inquest of 15 sworn men.

Answered for the pursuer, That though idiotry in general falls regularly to be cognosced by a jury, yet where it is alleged as a medium to annul marriage, it may be incidenter cognosced by the Commissaries ad hunc effectum; and instances said to be similar were condescended on. If a nearest of kin shall object to a testament, wherein an extraneous person is named executor, that the testament is forged, the Commissaries may incidenter ad hunc effectum cognosce upon the forgery, though regularly not judges in forgery; and in the case of Pringle, 25th Jan. 1744, voce Jurisdiction, an objection having been made to a testament on which confirmation was sought, that the testament had been elicited by fraud and circumvention, whereon the Commissaries allowed a proof; a bill of advocation, complaining of that interlocutor, was refused, the Court being unanimously of opinion, that the Commissaries were competent judges in that incident question ad effectum.

Replied for the defender, That in this case the idiotry is not an incident occurring in an original competent process brought before the Commissaries, but is the very foundation of the original action; and as the Commissaries are not competent judges of idiotry, the instances of incident questions do not apply, but the process must stop till the idiotry be cognosced before the proper Court.

The Lords “Remitted to the Ordinary to refuse the bill of advocation.”

Upon advising the proof, the Commissaries found, “That the defender had been from his youth a natural fool, and void of that degree of reason and understanding which is necessary to the entering into the marriage-contract; and therefore found the pretended marriage between him and the defender Nicholas Mitchel, to have been from the beginning, and to be in all time coming, void and null.”

And the defenders having again brought the matter before the Lords by bill of advocation, the Lords “Remitted to the Ordinary to refuse the bill;” and this they did, notwithstanding that Nicholas Mitchel, the pretended wife, was in the interim delivered of a child. See Jurisdiction.

Fol. Dic. v. 3. p. 297. Kilkerran (Idiot.) No 1. p. 277. *** D. Falconer reports the same case:

1748. June 28. —Hugh Blair of Borgue was cognosced to be deaf and dumb, and thence incapable of managing his affairs; after which application was made by his mother to the minister of Kirkcudbright for proclamation of banns, in order to his marriage; but he, from his knowledge of him, did not think him capable of the matrimonial contract, and having advised with the Presbytery, who called Borgue before them, he was by them enjoined not to proceed to the proclamation or celebration of any marriage.

A marriage was said to have been solemnized, and the parties cohabited together, and thereupon John Blair his brother, with concourse of the Procurator fiscal, insisted before the Commissaries of Edinburgh in a declarator of his incapacity of marriage, on account of idiotry, and of the nullity of the pretended marriage.

The Commissaries having called the man before them, and examined him in presence, (as he spoke some, though indistinctly, and also wrote after a copy, but was incapable, as appeared, of answering a question in writing, or expressing any purpose of his mind by that means,) granted a proof before answer; against which interlocutor an advocation was offered, and refused.

On the proof, the Commissaries, 29th March 1748, ‘ found that the said Hugh Blair was and from his youth had been a natural fool, and void of that degree of reason and understanding which was necessary to the entering into the marriage contract, and therefore found and declared the pretended marriage to have been from the beginning, and to be in all time coming, void and null.’

An advocation was presented, for that idiotry was not an impediment to marriage, and that the man could not be looked upon as an idiot, unless he had been found so by the verdict of an inquest, for that was the proper method of trial; which was so far from being this man's case, that his state had been tried, and cognosced deaf and dumb; and from the proof led in this cause, it appeared he was no idiot.

Answered, That a person incapable of consent behoved to be incapable of marriage; and the proof of that incapacity might properly be led in the instance, wherein the validity of the marriage was tried, and behoved to be so, although he had been formerly cognosced; as a person might be in a degree of incapacity unfit to manage his affairs, and yet not incapable of marriage; that this defender must have been found an idiot, if his friends, in tenderness to him, had not been satisfied with cognoscing him deaf and dumb, which was sufficient for putting his estate under management, and was no evidence of his sound judgment; but in this trial his incapacity for marriage fully appeared.

The Lords found the Commissaries had proceeded according to law and justice, and refused the bill. See Fraud.

Reporter, Leven. Act. R. Craigie & Brown. Alt. A. Macdouall. D. Falconer, v. 1. No 267. p. 358.