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You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions >> James Dyce Nicol, Esq. of Ballogie, and Others v. Rev. W. Paul, D.D., Minister of the Parish of Banchory-Devenick [1867] UKHL 2_Paterson_1458 (14 April 1867) URL: http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1867/2_Paterson_1458.html Cite as: [1867] UKHL 2_Paterson_1458 |
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(1867) 2 Paterson 1458
REPORTS OF SCOTCH APPEALS IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS.
No. 59
Subject_Teinds — Old Decreets of Valuation — Subjects omitted — Augmentation of Stipend —
A minister of a parish, in seeking augmentation of stipend, alleged, that a valuation of the barony of F., dated 1682, omitted to value the teinds of parts of the lands of B., C., and D., in such barony; also, that a valuation of the barony of P., dated 1709, omitted certain lands therein.
Held (affirming judgment), That as the decrees did not in terms purport to contain a valuation of all the lands in such baronies, it was open to the minister to lead a proof of his averments.
The Commissioners of Teinds had no authority to declare lands prospectively not to be liable to teinds—per
Lord Cranworth . 1
This was an appeal against the interlocutor of the Second Division, which found, that, “according to the construction and effect of the decree of valuation of 1682, the teinds of those portions of the barony of Findone, if any, which are not embraced within the special subjects enumerated in the rental produced by the pursuer, and adopted as the basis and limits of the decree of valuation, are unvalued, and that the teinds of the lands of Barclayhill, Calsayend, and Meddens, mentioned in the said decree, are not valued by the said decree; that according to the true construction and effect of the decree of valuation of 1709, the teinds of those portions of the barony of Portlethen, if any, which are not embraced within the special subjects enumerated in the prepared state of the proof which forms the basis and limit of the decree of valuation, are unvalued,” etc.
The defenders having appealed against this interlocutor, in their
printed case gave the following reasons for reversing the interlocutor:—1. Because the teinds of the whole lands and barony of Findone, and of the whole other lands mentioned in and embraced by the decreet of valuation of
_________________ Footnote _________________
1 See previous report
1 Macph. 1014: 3 Macph. 482:
37 Sc. Jur. 228.
S.C. L. R. 1 Sc. Ap. 127:
5 Macph. H. L. 62:
39 Sc. Jur. 417.
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The respondent in his printed case gave the following reasons for affirming the interlocutor:— 1. That the decrees of valuation of 1682 and 1709 do not instruct, that the lands specified in articles 10, 11, and 14 of the respondent's revised condescendence were valued for teind under said decrees, and that it is competent to inquire whether said lands were or were not included in the subjects valued by said decrees. 2. That the teinds of the whole lands and barony of Findone, etc. were not valued by the decree of 1682; and that no lands were valued by said decree except the special subjects enumerated in the rental produced by the pursuer of the valuation, and adopted as the basis and limits of the decree. 3. That by the decree of 1682, the lands of Barclayhill, Calsayend, and Meddens, are expressly excepted from the valuation, and declared not to be teindable subjects, and therefore incapable, as at the date of the decree, of being made the subjects of a process of valuation. 4. That the teinds of the whole lands and barony of Portlethen were not valued by the decree of 1709, and that those portions only of the said lands and barony were thereby valued, which are enumerated in the prepared state of the proof referred to, and incorporated in the decree. 5. That the said lands of Barclayhill, Calsayend, and Meddens, being now teindable subjects, are liable to be localled on for stipend to the extent of one fifth of their rental. 6. That it is incumbent upon the appellants to instruct, that the other lands belonging to them, condescended on by the respondent as unvalued, are included in the subjects falling within the decrees of 1682 and 1709; and, in any view, it is competent for the respondent to instruct, that the lands condescended on by him are distinct and separate subjects from the lands or portions of land valued by the said decrees. 7. That inquiry into the extent of the lands embraced in the said decrees of valuation, and the existence of unvalued lands belonging to the appellants, is not barred by the proceedings in former localities, or by the circumstance of the minister of the parish of Banchory-Devenick having received aid from Exchequer. Authorities:— Duke of Buccleuch v. Connell, 4 D. 157; Kirkland v. Cathcart, 5 D. 122; Scott v. Kerr, 2 Sh. & M'L. 968; Ersk. ii. 10, 34; ii. 6, 18; Cameron v. Macpherson, 15 D. 657. As to prescription—Ersk. iii. 7, 2: iii. 7, 8: iii. 7, 13; Stair, ii. 12, 22; Forbes on Tithes, 331.
Lord Advocate ( Gordon), Sir R. Palmer Q.C., and Forbes, for the appellants.
The Attorney General ( Rolt), and Hall, for the respondent.
Cur. adv. vult.
That proceeding was instituted in order to have an increase to his salary as minister of the parish fixed upon certain lands in the parish of Banchory-Devenick of which he was minister, which he alleged to have never been valued for teind. That proceeding was commenced by a summons on the 25th March 1862, and the Court of Teinds (which is substantially the Court of Session) made a remit thereupon to the Lord Ordinary to examine, whether there were any free teinds. The minister of the parish, Dr. Paul, on that lodged a minute stating, that there were
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The cause having been remitted to the Lord Ordinary, the parties then went into proof, and the Lord Ordinary made a report, whereby he found, that the question whether there are or are not free teinds depends on the question, whether the decreets of valuation relied on relate to the whole lands or only to parts of them. Substantially he may be taken to have found for the heritors, that is, the respondents, in omnibus against the claim of the minister.
It is necessary to call your Lordships' attention shortly to the statements of the condescendence and the answers to them. The condescendence on the part of the pursuer consisted of various statements, that particular lands in the parish which he sets forth in the different articles of the condescendence, never had been valued for teind, and therefore remained liable to his demand. The Inner House having decreed, that if he could establish that there were free teinds, he was entitled to an augmentation, the answer of the heritors was, that all the lands on which he so condescended had in substance already been valued for teind, and therefore none remained liable to the augmentation of his salary.
It is not necessary to trouble ourselves with many of these articles of condescendence, because the question is eventually narrowed to the point, whether, in respect of two particular portions of land, the barony of Findone, or some of the lands therein, and the barony of Portlethen, the heritors have or have not made out, that the whole of those lands had been valued for teind. The heritors relied, in respect of the barony of Findone, upon a decreet of valuation made under the Statute of Charles I. dated, I think, in the year 1682, which valuation, they contended, embraced the whole barony of Findone. With regard to the barony of Portlethen, they relied not upon that decreet, but on another decreet in the year 1709, which, they contended, exhausted the whole barony of Portlethen.
The statement of the minister on the subject of the lands of Findone is found in the 10th and 11th articles of the condescendence. The 10th is this:—“The foresaid lands of Barclayhill, (those are some lands which have been already mentioned as being in Findone,) which were occupied, at the date of the summons, by Alexander Leper, formed part of the barony of Findone. The said decreet of valuation does not value or fix the teind of the said lands of Barclayhill, Neither does the decreet value or fix the teind of that portion of the lands of Badentoy, possessed by James Mowat for a money rent, or the teind of any part of the lands of Calsayend and Meddens. These lands of Barclayhill, Calsayend, Meddens, and that part of the lands of Badentoy, occupied by James Mowat at the date of the decree at a money rent, which now belong to the defender, James Dyce Nicol, Esq., are all undervalued for teind. The present rental of these lands amounts to not less than £534, one fifth whereof, for teind, is £106 16 s.”
Then by the next condescendence they state, that a large extent of the lands and barony of Findone was, at the date of the said decree, uncultivated and partly in moss. These waste and moss lands were not included in the decree along with the arable lands, which alone were thereby valued, and in respect of which the tenants paid victual rent. The following subjects were waste or moss lands at the date of the decree, and are unvalued, but have now been improved and converted into teindable subjects. I need not trouble your Lordships with stating them in detail.
With regard to Portlethen, the 14th condescendence states, that the teinds of part of the lands and barony of Portlethen, and also part of the lands of Balquhairne, Clashfarquhar, Auquhorthies, and others, all lying within the parish of Banchory-Devenick, were valued by decree of the Lords Commissioners, dated 19th January 1709, following upon a certain summons, which
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I have stated that the Lord Ordinary reported against the minister and in favour of the heritors. It is unnecessary to say more on this point than that in fact he reported in favour of the heritors as to almost everything, but certainly as to the lands of Findone and Portlethen.
The case was then brought by reclaiming note before the Inner House, and the Inner House then pronounced the interlocutor which forms the subject of the present appeal. That interlocutor was pronounced on the 5th of February 1865, and is as follows:—“Recall the interlocutor complained of, in so far as regards the objections stated by the minister in the 10th, 11th, and 14th articles of the revised condescendence.” Those are the articles to which I have referred; “and find that, according to the true construction and effect of the decree of valuation of 1682, the teinds of those portions of the barony of Findone, if any, which are not embraced within the special subjects enumerated in the rental produced by the pursuer and adopted as the basis and limits of the decree of valuation, are unvalued: Find, that the teinds of the lands of Barclayhill, Calsayend, and Meddens, mentioned in the said decree, are not valued by the said decree: Find, that the terms of the said decree are not such as to exclude a proof or inquiry before answer, that the teinds of the parcels of lands mentioned in the 11th article of the condescendence, or any of them, are unvalued.” So much as to Findone. Then the Court proceeds to find, that, “according to the true construction and effect of the decree of valuation of 1709, the teinds of those portions of the barony of Portlethen, if any, which are not embraced within the special subjects enumerated in the prepared state of the proof which forms the basis and limit of the decree of valuation, are unvalued; Quoad ultra, adhere to the Lord Ordinary's interlocutor; and remit to his Lordship to direct such inquiry as may be rendered necessary by this interlocutor, and to proceed further as shall be just; reserving in the mean time all question of expenses.”
The ground on which the Inner House proceeded as to the lands comprised in the 11th and 14th articles of the condescendence, was, that it did not appear on the face of the decrees of 1682 and 1709, that the lands which were thereby valued for teinds must of necessity include all the lands referred to in those two articles.
Where a decree purports in terms to have valued all the lands of a parish, for the purpose of ascertaining the teind to which the heritors are liable, no question can afterwards be raised as to any of the lands which it embraces being teindable. The decree concludes everything. So, where it purports to have valued any part of a parish known by some general designation, as a barony, no question can be afterwards raised as to the lands included under that designation, except by shewing, that the lands now passing under that designation comprise subjects which did not form part of what was valued under that same name by the decree.
The Court below were of opinion, that though, possibly, the lands valued by the decree of 1682 as lands of Findone may comprehend the whole barony other than Barclayhill, which is mentioned in the 10th article, yet that is not the necessary construction of the decree; so as to the lands in Portlethen, referred to in the 14th article. The Court, therefore, by their interlocutor of the 5th February 1865, allowed the parties to go to proof on the point, whether the valuations did include the whole of the lands of these two baronies of Findone and Portlethen, excluding, however, the lands comprised in the 10th article.
The ground on which the appellants complain of this interlocutor is, that the decrees, fairly interpreted, do necessarily comprise all the lands which, at the respective dates of the decrees, constituted, and now constitute, the barony of Findone and the barony of Portlethen. Whether they are warranted in the contention depends entirely on the true construction of the decrees themselves.
And first, as to the decree of 1682, relating to Findone, it appears to have been made in a process of valuation prosecuted by one Alexander Bannerman, an heritor in the parish of Banchory, against Mr. James Gordon, parson of the parish, and the then bishop of Aberdeen. The decree, after referring to the statutable authority under which the Court was acting, proceeds thus:—“And true it is and of verity that the teinds, parsonage, and vicarage of the sds. persewars, their lands, baronie, and others underwritten—viz. the lands and baronie of Findone, the lands of Cookstoune, Calsayend, Meddens, Badentoy, with their pertinents, lying within the parochine of Banchory-Devenick, and sheriffdome of Kincardine, are yet unvalued.” It then, after stating
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The Commissioners then, after stating the proceedings taken for verifying the rental, go on thus to make their valuation;—“The sd. Commissioners have found and declared, and hereby find and declare the constant rent and true availl of the sd. lands in stock and teinds, both parsonage and vicarage, to be now and in all time coming, the particular soumes of money and quantities of victuals after specified, vizt. the sd. lands of Findone, formerly possesst by the sd. Robert Hunter, and now by Wm. Smith, to be worth in stock and teind, parsonage and vicarage, the number of 20 bolls meill and 20 bolls beir, the teind whereof extends to the number of 4 bolls meill and 4 bolls beir: Item, that part of the sd. lands of Findone, possesst by the sd. Richard Bannerman, the number of 20 bolls meill and 20 bolls beir, in stock and teind; the teind whereof extends to the number of 4 bolls meill and 4 bolls beir: Item, the milne of Findone and Milne Pleugh and croft thereof possesst by the sd. Robert Anderson, the number of 24 bolls victualls, meill, and beir, and £8 money in stock and teind; the teind whereof extends to the number of 4 bolls, 3 firlots, and one fifth part of one firlot of victuall, and £1 12 s. money.” I do not think it important to refer to the rest of the decree.
The appellants contend, that the valuation must necessarily be held to include the barony. They rest their argument on these grounds. The barony of Findone certainly formed part of the lands libelled; the rental put in by the heritor is stated to be a rental of the whole lands libelled, and though the rental does not in terms mention the barony, yet it enumerates three persons as being tenants in Findone, besides a fourth, who was tenant of Barclayhill, which, by the tenth article of the condescendence, is admitted to form part of the barony. The necessary inference, therefore, (the appellants say,) is, that these four subjects constituted the whole of the barony. It would otherwise be untrue to say, that the rental was a rental of the whole lands libelled.
But is this a legitimate inference from the language af the decree? I cannot think that it is. Suppose the fact to have been, that the barony at the time of the decree comprised not only the four subjects specifically mentioned, but also mosslands yielding no rent, but held by the heritor himself, it would not be inaccurate to say, that the rental, though silent as to these lands, was a rental of the whole lands libelled. It would state all the rent yielded by the lands libelled, and so might fairly be described as a rental of all the lands libelled. On this very short ground I have satisfied myself, that the interlocutor properly admitted the parties to proof.
The facts as to the barony of Portlethen are substantially the same. The question as to this barony arises on a decree of valuation dated the 19th of January 1709. In this case no rental was carried in by the heritors as in the decree of 1682, but the Commissioners found, that the teinds of, inter alia, all and whole the lands and barony of Portlethen, were yet unvalued; and the heritor, Alexander Thomson, having produced his titles to these lands and barony, the Commissioners found and declared the just worth and constant yearly avail of the lands of Portlethen, with its pertinents, to be £357 6 s. 8 d. The decree states various inquiries made shewing in detail how that sum was arrived at. It is possible, as in the case of the barony of Findone, that the lands, the rents of which are enumerated as making up the £357 6 s. 8 d., might comprise the whole of the barony. But this certainly does not appear ex facie of the decree. On the contrary, the decree shews, that Alexander Thomson, the heritor, was seized of the whole lands and barony of Portlethen, whereas nothing appears to be valued but certain lands described as being lands of Portlethen. In these circumstances, I think the Court below were right in not treating the question as concluded by the decree, and in authorizing an inquiry to ascertain whether there were lands unvalued.
With respect to the lands of Barclay Hill, Calsayend, and Meddens, mentioned in the 10th article of the condescendence, the interlocutor was clearly right. The decree in terms excludes those lands from the valuation, and I agree with the argument at the bar, that the Commissioners bad no authority to declare lands prospectively not to be liable to teinds. They must therefore be treated as lands not valued.
My opinion is, therefore, that the interlocutor complained of was in all respects right, and so that the appeal ought to be dismissed with costs, and I humbly move your Lordships accordingly.
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The argument of the appellants was founded almost entirely upon this, that inasmuch as the word “barony” is found in the libel, the barony, as an entire thing, must be considered as comprehended in the words “libelled,” and so it might have been if the words “the lands libelled” had not been followed by a specific enumeration, which would have the effect of cutting down the generality of the expression “barony,” and shewing, that the barony, as one comprehensive thing, was not included in the valuation. Now that appears to be the case with regard to the valuation of Findone. And the same observation is applicable to the decreet of valuation as to the barony of Portlethen.
The argument of the appellants was founded entirely on these words: “ Item, the principal disposition of the haill lands lybelled.” Those words, they said, referred to the libel, and in the libel you find the lands of the pursuers, the barony and others, respectively ascertained. But then those words “the haill lands libelled” are followed by other words running: “The pursuer's procurator produced one rental of “the haill lands libelled.”” Now the signification and extent of the phrase “the haill lands libelled” in the one case must of course be the same as the extent of the same phrase “the haill lands libelled” in the other. But the recital of the “haill lands libelled” is there given in extenso, and it plainly appears from that recital, that certain lands only were intended to be comprehended in the words of reference “the haill lands libelled;” the enumeration and description are confined to those particular lands, and there are no words comprehensive of the general barony. Therefore this must be the conclusion, either that the lands specified included “the haill lands libelled,” and therefore included the barony, that is, that the lands specified were co-terminous and co-extensive with the barony, an hypothesis which is contradicted by the result of the inquiry; or else the conclusion must be, that the specific enumeration following the words “the haill lands libelled” confined the generality of the phrase “the haill lands libelled” to the things enumerated. I think it is plain, that the last conclusion is the correct one. I think the words of the decreet plainly carry on the face of them sufficient evidence, that the valuation is confined to the lands which are specified, and that it was not intended to take into consideration the generality of the word “barony,” or to include the other lands uncultivated which might be included within the precincts of the barony.
Notwithstanding, therefore, the general rule, which I trust will be adhered to, of giving in favour of long usage or acquiescence a liberal interpretation to the words of the decree, yet, as the decree carries on the face of it clear evidence, that none but certain specific lands were taken into account, I think it is impossible to give the decree a greater extent.
I concur in the observation of my noble and learned friend, and think it unnecessary to add anything to what he has said. I therefore concur in the motion he has made, that this interlocutor be affirmed.
Now, in the present case, the judgment of the Court has dealt with two classes of lands mentioned in this decreet. It was held, that with regard to one of them the decreet shews, that that class of lands was not valued at all. I perfectly concur in that finding of the Court. I think it is plain upon the face of the decreet, that these parcels of lands which are mentioned
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Now it is quite true, that they had no power to pronounce any finding, that the lands were free from teinds, but the meaning of that finding is, that those lands being in their opinion free from teind they had not valued them. The reason why they were unvalued is assigned on the face of the decreet, and the Court will judge of the validity of that reason.
But in regard to another portion of the lands here, I mean the lands which are not so excepted from valuation, the general principle arises, whether, taking first the case of Findone, the valuation is to be read as comprehending the whole of the lands libelled. Now it appears from the libel, that the action was brought for the purpose of having the heritor's lands libelled, and it describes them in this way, “that the teinds, parsonage and vicarage, of the said pursuers, their lands, baronies, and others underwritten, viz. the lands of Meddens and Badentoy, with their pertinents lying within the parochine of Banchory-Devenick and sheriffdom of Kincardine, are yet unvalued.” Therefore Calsayend, Meddens, and Badentoy are not stated as part of the barony of Findone, but the lands and barony of Findone are brought forth to be valued. Now, what does that mean? It is not uncommon to talk of all the lands in a barony and the whole barony as the lands and barony of so and so. That is the construction which my friend, the Lord Advocate, endeavoured to put upon this expression here. It might be or it might not be so. But I think it is clear, that it is not necessarily so, because there may be lands of Findone which are only part of the barony of Findone. And therefore “the lands and barony of Findone” are not necessarily an expression for one and the same thing as “the lands in the barony of Findone.” I think it appears here, that there were lands in the barony of Findone which were not part of “the lands of Findone,” because I think it is stated in the record ‘and not contradicted, and it seems to be assumed by the parties, that the lands of Barclayhill formed part of the barony of Findone; and they are not part of the lands of Findone. Therefore it is clear, that in regard to the expression in this case “the lands and barony of Findone,” they are not of equal extent with “the lands of Findone,” because the barony of Findone comprehended at least Barclayhill, which was not part of the lands of Findone, and it may have comprehended other things which were not part of the lands of Findone, as well as Barclayhill.
Now, the minister, the defender in the present action, says, that there were a great many other things besides Barclayhill which were not part of “the lands of Findone,” and if we see, that there was land which was parcel of the barony of Findone, which did not form part of the lands of Findone, and which was not valued here, it is not unreasonable to suppose, that inquiry may shew, that there were other parcels in the same condition. The minister says, that there were, and he has specified a number of such lands in article 3 of his condescendence.
Now, all that the Court has done is to say, that this decreet does not conclude inquiry, and that inquiry should be made; that is the whole extent of the judgment, and I think, that is a reasonable judgment to pronounce. The Court has not said how far the onus may rest, or how long the onus may rest, upon the pursuer or upon the defender. That is left open for investigation. It may shift in the course of the inquiry, and some things may be adduced which will throw the onus upon the one side, and other circumstances may be proved which may throw it upon the other. It is upon the balance of the whole evidence, that the Court has eventually to determine whether, upon the fair construction of this decreet, it did or did not comprehend any of those parcels of land which the minister describes in article 3 of the condescendence.
Then with regard to the barony of Portlethen, the same general observations apply, though there is not here the special difficulty, which I mentioned in the other case, of detecting upon the face of the proceedings the parcels of land which formed the barony, and were known by that name. But the same principle applies. I must say, however, that in making up this record I think it would have been better, that the minister should have been required to condescend upon the particular lands in the barony of Portlethen which he says were not valued for teinds. He has done so in regard to Findone, but he has not done so in regard to Portlethen. I should have liked, that that should have been required, because then it would have limited the inquiry to those particular lands, and not have left open a wide range as is here done. However, that is still open to correction. I think we cannot alter the decreet by reason of that not having been done, for it does not appear to have been objected to by the other party.
Upon these grounds, I am of opinion, that the judgment which has been suggested by your Lordships is the correct one. I observe in the condescendence, and in the opinions of the Court, that this decreet was based upon the rental produced by the heritors. I am not quite sure, that that was so, as I read the decreet, because the decreet of valuation states, that the minister produced another rental, and he referred that rental of his to the oath of the heritors, and the heritors deponed upon that rental. Now, it was upon the result of that oath, that the judgment proceeded, and we have not that before us; it is one of the things which has vanished, and that
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Interlocutors appealed from affirmed, and appeal dismissed, with costs.
Solicitors: Appellants' Agents, Hill, Reid, and Drummond, W.S.; W. Robertson, Westminster.— Respondents' Agents, Tods, Murray, and Jamieson, W.S.; Martin and Leslie, Westminster.
