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NO REDACTION REQUIRED
APPROVED
[2021] IEHC 344
THE HIGH COURT
2013 No. 13117 P.
BETWEEN
JIM STAFFORD
(AS STATUTORY RECEIVER OF HOLLIOAKE LIMITED (IN RECEIVERSHIP))
PLAINTIFF
AND
PETER RICE
SHEILA RICE
GREGORY RICE
ANGELA RICE
MARK RICE
DEFENDANTS
JUDGMENT of Mr. Justice Garrett Simons delivered on 26 May 2021
INTRODUCTION
1. This supplemental judgment addresses (i) the incidence of costs in respect of an
application to amend pleadings, and (ii) the question of whether case management
directions should be stayed pending a possible appeal to the Court of Appeal. The
judgment on the amendment application was delivered on 30 April 2021 and bears the
2
(1). COSTS
2. In the principal judgment, I offered the provisional view that the Plaintiff should be
entitled to recover two-thirds of his costs of the motion to amend. The Plaintiff had been
entirely successful in the amendment application. The Defendants' consent to certain
amendments came too late to produce any meaningful saving in costs, and the
Defendants' objections to the balance of the proposed amendments have been rejected.
The costs of both sides were undoubtedly increased as a result of these objections.
3. The proposed discount of one-third had been intended to reflect the fact that the necessity
for the amendment application arose out of shortcomings in the initial pleadings, and an
application to court would have been necessary even had the Defendants not objected to
the proposed amendments.
4. The parties were invited to file short written legal submissions if they wished to contend
for a different form of costs order. The Defendants filed submissions on 13 May 2021,
and seek to recover all of the costs associated with the amendment application. Reliance
is placed on Porterridge Trading Ltd v. First Active plc [2008] IEHC 42 as authority for
the proposition that the respondent to an application to amend should normally recover
their costs. This is because an application to court would be necessary even in the
absence of any opposition. This is subject to an exception where a party makes
unreasonable objection to an amendment which necessitates a separate, significant
hearing with its own attendant additional costs.
5. It is submitted that the fact that the Defendants objected to some of the amendments
sought did not significantly increase the costs incurred and did not result in a significant,
separate hearing. Attention is drawn to the fact that the hearing finished within half a
day, and that no written legal submissions were filed.
3
6. It is further submitted that the delay between the issuance of the motion and the ultimate
hearing are attributable to the conduct of the Plaintiff. Attention is drawn to the fact that
the draft amendments went through three iterations, and that the motion had been issued
prior to the reconstitution of the proceedings to take account of the death of one of the
defendants, and the ultimate settlement of the proceedings as against his estate and trustee
in bankruptcy.
7. The Plaintiffs delivered written submissions in reply on 14 May 2021. It is submitted
that significant costs were incurred by the Defendants' decision to oppose the amendment
application. Reliance is placed on the judgment of the High Court (Allen J.) in Care
Prime Holdings FC Ltd v. Howth Estate Company (No. 2) [2020] IEHC 329 ("Care
Prime Holdings").
8. For the reasons which follow, I have concluded that the appropriate order is that the
Plaintiff should recover two-thirds of the costs of the amendment application as against
the Defendants.
9. The modern approach to costs is to consider the conduct of proceedings to ascertain
whether it has led to additional and unnecessary costs being incurred. This approach is
illustrated by the following passage from Farrell v. Governor and Company of Bank of
Holdings).
"Furthermore the courts have become more prepared, in recent times,
not least because of changes in the Rules of Court, to look at
individual elements of the conduct of proceedings to ascertain
whether parties have acted in such a way as has, irrespective of the
ultimate outcome of the case, led to additional and unnecessary costs
being incurred. Apart from the undoubted justice of that approach
same has the added advantage of discouraging parties from bringing
unnecessary and unmeritorious applications, resisting appropriate
applications or adding unnecessarily and inappropriately to the
complexity (and thus the cost) of proceedings by adding a
multiplicity of claims or a multiplicity of defences."
4
10. This approach is now given statutory expression in the provisions of Part 11 of the Legal
Services Regulation Act 2015 ("LSRA 2015"). The principal determinant of costs is
success in the proceedings. This applies also to success in interlocutory applications,
save where it is not possible justly to adjudicate upon liability for costs on the basis of
the interlocutory application: see Order 99, rule 2(3) of the Rules of the Superior Courts.
11. The court does, of course, have discretion to depart from the default position. The factors
to which the court is to have regard in the exercise of its discretion are to be found at
section 169 of the LSRA 2015. The principal considerations are the particular nature and
circumstances of the case, and the conduct of the proceedings by the parties. Relevantly,
the court is to have regard inter alia to whether it was reasonable for a party to raise,
pursue or contest one or more issues in the proceedings.
12. It should be explained that the concept of reasonableness in this context means more than
simply that the party pursued an issue in good faith (MV Lady Madga [2021] IECA 51).
Something more is required. It might, for example, have been reasonable for a party to
pursue an issue in circumstances where the law on the point had not been clear. It will
also be relevant to consider whether the pursuit of the issue on which the party was
unsuccessful had any meaningful effect on the length of the hearing or entailed the parties
incurring additional costs.
13. I turn now to apply these principles to the circumstances of the present case. The law on
the amendment of pleadings is clear. The Defendants' opposition to the amendment
application was unjustified, and predicated on an overly narrow reading of the judgment
opposed the amendment application had the consequence that a motion which could
have--and should have--been dealt with on a consent basis on a Monday motion day
had, instead, to be assigned a specific hearing date.
5
14. The costs of the half-day hearing will have been a multiple of those which would have
been incurred had the amendment application been dealt with as a "short" motion. Such
a "short" motion would normally be dealt with by junior counsel alone, and the brief fee
allowed on adjudication under Part 10 of the LSRA is likely to be no more than 500 or
750. By contrast, the brief fee allowable on a contested half-day hearing is likely to be
in the range of 2,000 to 3,000. A similar ratio is likely to apply to the solicitors' fees.
15. The figure of two-thirds represents a fair approximation of the balance remaining once
the Defendants' costs of a notional "short" motion are set-off against the level of costs
recoverable in respect of a half-day hearing. If anything, it is generous to the Defendants.
16. This approach of netting-off costs is broadly consistent with that adopted in Care Prime
Holdings. The moving party in that case was allowed seventy per cent of its costs of the
amendment application. Allen J. held that the normal rule that the respondent to an
amendment application is entitled to its costs is displaced where the motion was
vigorously opposed and was transferred from the Monday list into the list to fix dates and
assigned a half day for hearing. The fact that, in contrast to the case before Allen J., no
written submissions were filed on the amendment application before me does not affect
the principle enunciated. Rather, it is something which will reduce the amount of costs
recoverable on adjudication before the Legal Costs Adjudicator.
17. Finally, it should be explained that the Defendants have queried whether Part 11 of the
LSRA 2015 has retrospective effect. The provisions were commenced on 7 October
2019, that is, a number of months after the motion to amend the pleadings had first issued
on 13 August 2019. Importantly, the new provisions were in force in advance of the first
return date and prior to any affidavit having been filed by the Defendants. By the time
the amendment application ultimately came on for hearing on 22 April 2021, the
provisions had been in force for some eighteen months. Most, if not all, of the costs
6
incurred will relate to work carried out subsequent to the new provisions having been
commenced.
18. Having raised this query, however, the Defendants, in their written legal submissions,
suggest that "there is nothing in the new legislative provisions" which disturbs the pre-
2019 principles governing the costs of an application to amend pleadings. The written
submissions appear to proceed on the pragmatic assumption that the LSRA 2015 does
apply. Certainly, the court has not been addressed on any of the case law in respect of
retrospectivity and costs rules, such as Klohn, Case-167/17, EU:C:2018:833.
19. In circumstances where the question of retrospective effect has not been fully argued
before me, and where it appears to be accepted that it would not affect the outcome of
the costs application in this case, I make no finding on the question.
(2). STAY ON CASE MANAGEMENT DIRECTIONS
20. The Plaintiff's solicitors have put forward a timetable for the exchange of pleadings, with
a view to bringing these long running proceedings on for hearing. In response, the
Defendants' solicitors do not object to the proposed timetable, but insist that all directions
should be stayed pending a possible appeal to the Court of Appeal against the decision
to grant leave to amend the pleadings. Put otherwise, it is contended that the directions
should be stayed for twenty-eight days, and, in the event an appeal is filed within that
time, should be further stayed pending the determination of the appeal.
21. For the reasons which follow, I propose to make the directions sought and will not place
a stay on same.
22. The considerations relevant to the grant of a stay pending an appeal have very recently
been considered by the Supreme Court in Krikke v. Barranafaddock Sustainability
Electricity Ltd [2020] IESC 42. As explained in those judgments, a risk of injustice will
7
often arise in the case of an appeal because of the unavoidable time which must elapse
between the determination of the High Court and an appellate hearing and decision. In
the event that the order made on the stay application is different to the order made on the
outcome of the appeal proper, then one of the parties may have suffered injustice in the
interim. This risk can be reduced, but cannot always be eliminated. One approach is to
seek to align the decision on a stay application, so far as possible, with the likely outcome
of the appeal.
23. One of the factors to be taken into consideration in deciding whether or not to impose a
stay is the strength of any appeal. In the present case, the grounds for appealing the
principal judgment are weak. The principal judgment applied well-established principles
governing the amendment of pleadings to the particular circumstances of this case. The
Defendants' opposition to the amendment application was predicated on an overly
The Defendants' position is irreconcilable with the more recent authority of
24. Given that the prospects of the Defendants' succeeding in an appeal are slight, the
balance of justice lies in ensuring that progress is made in readying this long running
litigation for trial. These proceedings have been in existence for more than eight years
now and it is in the interests of both sides that they be brought on for hearing. The
directions sought will simply bring the case to the stage of motions for discovery. This
will not cause any prejudice to the Defendants. If it transpires that the nature and extent
of the discovery sought would be materially different depending on whether or not the
amendments have been properly allowed, then the question of a stay may be revisited on
the adjourned date. It is in neither side's interest that the proceedings become becalmed
yet again.
8
CONCLUSION AND FORM OF ORDER
25. The Plaintiff is to recover two-thirds of the costs of the amendment application as against
the Defendants. The Plaintiff is also to recover the costs of the "costs" application,
i.e. the costs of the written legal submissions of 14 May 2021 and the hearing on 18 May
2021. Separately, the Defendants are entitled to the additional costs incurred in their
having to file an amended Defence. The costs associated with the drafting of an amended
Defence would not have been incurred "but for" the fact that the Plaintiff's case had not
been fully pleaded from the outset.
26. All such costs are to be adjudicated, i.e. measured, in default of agreement by the Office
of the Chief Legal Costs Adjudicator under Part 10 of the LSRA 2015. A stay is placed
on the execution of the costs orders pending the determination of the proceedings.
27. The following directions are given in respect of the exchange of pleadings and discovery.
This timetable has been modified from that proposed so as to take account of the August
holiday period.
16/06/2021
Amended Summons and Statement of Claim to be delivered
30/06/2021
Amended Defence to be delivered
14/07/2021
Reply, if any, to be delivered
28/07/2021
Requests for voluntary discovery to be sent
01/09/2021
Replies to requests for voluntary discovery to be sent
24/09/2021
Motions for discovery, if any, to be issued and made returnable before
Simons J. on 4 October 2021
28. An updated set of papers is to be filed in the List Room by the Plaintiff's solicitor on or
before 29 September 2021. The case will be listed before me for further case
management on Monday, 4 October 2021. The parties have liberty to apply in the
interim.
Result: Moving party entitled to costs of contested application to amend pleadings.
9
Appearances
Joe Jeffers for the Plaintiff instructed by Hayes Solicitors (Dublin)
Roughan Banim, SC and Elizabeth Gormley for the Defendants instructed by O'Hagan Ward & Co
Document Outline
- Introduction
- (1). Costs
- (2). Stay on case management directions
- Conclusion and form of order
& Co
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