I, ERSKINE H. CHILDERS, Minister for Transport and Power, in exercise of the powers conferred on me by sections 5 , 9 , 11 and 16 of the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1946 (No. 23 of 1946) (as amended by section 9 of the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1950 (No. 4 of 1950)), and the Transport, Fuel and Power (Transfer of Departmental Administration and Ministerial Functions) Order, 1959 ( S.I. No. 125 of 1959 ), hereby order as follows :

PART I PRELIMINARY

Short title and commencement.

1.--(1) This Order may be cited as the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1966.

(2) This order shall come into operation on the first day of September, 1966.

Definitions.

2.--(1) In this Order--

" accessories " includes spare parts, replacements, items repaired and overhauled and aircraft materials ;

" aerial work aircraft " means an aircraft, not being a public transport aircraft or an aircraft flying in accordance with the proviso to paragraph (2) of this Article, which is being flown for payment required to be made to the operator of the aircraft, being a payment for the flight or in respect of the purpose for which the flight is undertaken ;

" aeroplane " means a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight ;

" aircraft " means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air ;

" air transport undertaking " means an undertaking the business of which includes the carriage by air of passengers or cargo for hire or reward ;

" appropriate authority " means, in relation to the State, the Minister and, in relation to any other state, the national authority responsible for the safety of air navigation in or over the territory of that state ;

" approved training " means training carried out under curricula and supervision acceptable to the Minister ;

" cargo " includes mail and animals ;

" category " means the classification of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, e.g. aeroplane, rotorcraft, glider, free balloon ;

" competent licensing authority " means the authority designated by a state as responsible for the licensing of aviation personnel ;

" component parts " includes spare parts, replacements, items repaired and overhauled and aircraft materials ;

" co-pilot " means a licensed pilot serving in any piloting capacity other than as pilot in command, but excludes a pilot on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction ;

" dual instruction time " means flight time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a pilot on board the aircraft ;

" duly authorised instructor " means a person who holds a current pilot's licence which includes a flight instructor rating granted or validated by the Minister and entitling that person to give instruction in flying the type or types of aircraft covered by such rating in accordance with the privileges and limitations of the particular flight instructor rating which he holds ;

" flight crew member " means a licensed member of the crew charged with duties essential to the operation of the aircraft during the time defined as flight time ;

" flight time " means the total time from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight ;

" glider " means a non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight ;

" helicopter " means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more power driven rotors on substantially vertical axes ;

" instrument time " means instrument flight time or instrument ground time ;

" instrument flight time " means time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points ;

" instrument ground time " means time during which a pilot is practising, on the ground, simulated instrument flight on a mechanical device acceptable to the Minister ;

" instrument flight rules " means the rules contained in Part IV of the Schedule to the Air Navigation (Rules of the Air) Order, 1963 ( S.I. No. 7 of 1963 ) ;

" the Minister " means the Minister for Transport and Power ;

" night " means--

(a) in or over the State--

(i) during the period of summer time--the time between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise,

(ii) during the remainder of the year--the time between half-an-hour after sunset and half-an-hour before sunrise ;

(b) in or over any place other than the State--the hours between the end of evening civil twilight (that is, when in the evening the centre of the sun's disc is six degrees below the horizon) and the beginning of morning civil twilight (that is, when in the morning the centre of the sun's disc is six degrees below the horizon) or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be specified by the appropriate authority ;

" official examiner " means a person designated in that behalf by the Minister for the purposes of this Order ;

" pilot " means manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight time and cognate words shall be construed accordingly ;

" pilot in command " means the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time ;

" prescribed " means prescribed by a direction given by the Minister under this Order ;

" private aircraft " means an aircraft which is neither a public transport aircraft nor an aerial work aircraft ;

" public transport aircraft " means aircraft carrying passengers or cargo for hire or reward or, if the carriage is effected by an air transport undertaking, whether for hire or reward or not ;

" rotorcraft " means a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air on one or more rotors ;

" solo flight time " means flight time during which a pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft;

" type " means aircraft or engines which, in the opinion of the Minister, are of the same basic design, including all modifications thereto, except those modifications which in the opinion of the Minister result in a material change in flight or operating characteristics or maintenance requirements.

(2) References to carriage for hire or reward include references to--

(a) the carriage of persons in an aircraft for the purpose of undergoing instruction in flying for which payment is made ;

(b) the carriage of persons or cargo in an aircraft for valuable consideration :

provided that, as respects clause (a) of this paragraph the carriage of a member of a flying club for the purpose of such instruction, by a fellow club member who is a duly authorised instructor, in an aircraft owned by or operated under an arrangement entered into by the club, shall not, by reason only of payment for such instruction, be deemed, for the purposes of this Order, to be carriage for hire or reward.

(3) In relation to the carriage of a person in an aircraft for the purpose of undergoing instruction, payment shall be deemed to be made for the instruction if any sum is paid or payable in respect of the particular flight by any person either to the instructor himself or to any person by whom the instructor is employed or to whom he gives his services as an instructor, or if the instructor is employed for reward to instruct persons in flying aircraft.

Revocations.

3.--(1) The Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951 ( S.I. No. 33 of 1951 ) and the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) (Amendment) Order, 1953 ( S.I. No. 353 of 1953 ), are hereby revoked.

(2) Notwithstanding the revocation of the Orders specified in paragraph (1) of this Article--

(a) every licence granted, validated or renewed under the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951, and

(b) every rating endorsed, granted, validated or renewed under that Order,

which is in force immediately before the commencement of this Order shall continue in force as if the revocation had not been made, and the provisions of the said Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951, which relate to such licences and ratings and to the holders thereof shall continue to have effect in relation thereto during the currency of such licences and ratings.

Directions.

4.--(1) The Minister may give directions for carrying out the purposes of this Order in respect of the matters to which Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 61 of, and Schedules I to VI to, this Order relate.

(2) Directions under this Order may be given in the form of Notices to Airmen (otherwise known as " NOTAMS "), Notices to Aircraft Owners and Aircraft Engineers or Aeronautical Information Circulars or by notice sent by registered post to the person affected.

PART II GENERAL

Flight crew members to be licensed.

5.--(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, a person shall not act as pilot, flight navigator, flight engineer or flight radio operator of an aircraft registered in the State unless he is the holder of an appropriate licence granted or validated by the Minister.

(2) A person shall not, within the State, act as pilot, flight navigator, flight engineer, flight radio operator or other flight crew member of an aircraft registered in any other state unless--

(a) in the case of a public transport or aerial work aircraft, he is the holder of an appropriate licence granted or validated by the competent licensing authority of the state in which the aircraft is registered ;

(b) in the case of a private aircraft, he is the holder of an appropriate licence granted or validated by the competent licensing authority of the state in which the aircraft is registered or by the Minister.

(3) An aircraft shall not fly unless every flight crew member thereof is the holder of the licence which he is required to hold under the provisions of this Article.

(4) A person may act as pilot of an aircraft registered in the State without being the holder of an appropriate licence for the purpose of undergoing training or tests for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or the inclusion, renewal or extension of a rating therein or thereon--

(a) subject to the provisions of paragraph (5) of this Article, if he is undergoing dual instruction for the purpose of obtaining a student pilot's licence or for the purpose of becoming qualified for the endorsement of an additional category rating on a private, commercial, senior commercial or airline transport pilot's licence ;

(b) subject to the provisions of paragraph (6) of this Article, if he is flying for the purpose of becoming qualified for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence (other than a student pilot's licence) or for the renewal of a category rating thereon and was within the immediately preceding six months the holder of a pilot's licence (other than a student pilot's licence) appropriate to the category and class or type of aircraft flown or was serving as a pilot in the Defence Forces of the State and has not, so far as he is aware, suffered any decrease in medical fitness which would render him unable to meet the medical requirements specified in this Order as appropriate to the class of licence for which he desires to qualify ;

(c) subject to the provisions of paragraph (7) of this Article, if he is acting as pilot under the observation or supervision of an official examiner on a flight forming part of the tests of skill required to be performed for the grant or renewal of a licence and being undertaken on the instructions of such examiner ;

(d) subject to the provisions of paragraph (8) of this Article, if, as the holder of a pilot's licence, he is acting, within the State, as pilot of an aircraft of a category endorsed on his licence, but of a class or type other than a class or type for which the licence is rated, for the purpose of becoming qualified for an additional class or type rating in such a category in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 11 of this Order.

(5) The following conditions shall apply to any flight made in accordance with subparagraph (a) of paragraph (4) of this Article :--

(a) the person undergoing instruction for the purpose of obtaining a student pilot's licence shall be not less than 16 years of age ;

(b) the person undergoing instruction shall be accompanied in the aircraft by a duly authorised instructor who is entitled under this Order to give instruction in flying the type of aircraft flown ;

(d) no other person, except a duly authorised instructor, shall be carried in the aircraft unless such other person is a flight crew member and is required by law to be carried or is an official examiner.

(6) The following conditions shall apply to any flight made in accordance with subparagraph (b) of paragraph (4) of this Article--

(a) no other person shall be carried in the aircraft, except a flight crew member, an official examiner, a duly authorised instructor or, if the pilot in command of the aircraft is the holder of an appropriate licence, a person carried for the purpose of being trained as a member of the flight crew of the aircraft ;

(b) each flight shall be made in accordance with instructions given by a duly authorised instructor and shall terminate at the aerodrome of departure, provided, however, that intermediate practice landings may be made elsewhere if made in accordance with such instructions ;

(7) The following conditions shall apply to any flight made in accordance with subparagraph (c) of paragraph (4) of this Article :--

(a) the person making the flight shall be not less than 17 years of age ;

(b) no other person, except a flight crew member, an official examiner or a duly authorised instructor shall be carried in the aircraft.

(8) The following conditions shall apply to any flight made in accordance with subparagraph (d) of paragraph (4) of this Article :--

(a) if the licence is not a licence entitling the holder to act as pilot in command of a public transport aircraft of the category of the aircraft flown, no other person shall be carried in the aircraft, except a flight crew member, an official examiner, a duly authorised instructor or a person giving instruction in the circumstances referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) of Article 12 of this Order ;

(b) if the licence is a licence entitling the holder to act as pilot in command of a public transport aircraft of the category of the aircraft flown, no other person shall be carried in the aircraft, except a flight crew member, an official examiner, a duly authorised instructor, a person giving instruction in the circumstances referred to in the proviso to paragraph (1) of Article 12 of this Order or a person carried with the consent of the operator of the aircraft for the purpose of being trained to perform duties as a flight crew member.

(9) An applicant for the grant or renewal of a flight engineer's licence or for the endorsement of an additional type rating thereon may act in the capacity of flight engineer in an aircraft of the type for which such grant, renewal or endorsement is sought if he is so acting under the direct supervision of the flight engineer of that aircraft.

(10) For the purposes of this Article, a valid and subsisting licence granted by any other state which is a member of the International Civil Aviation Organisation in conformity with Annex I (Personnel Licensing) to the Chicago Convention purporting to authorise the holder thereof to act as a flight crew member of an aircraft, not being a licence purporting to authorise him to act as a student pilot only, shall be deemed to be a licence validated by the Minister under the provisions of this Order entitling the holder thereof to fly as a member of the flight crew of a private aircraft insofar as he is permitted to do so by the terms of the licence and by the law of the state by which it was issued : Provided that--

(i) the holder of such a licence shall not, for the purposes of this Order, exercise any privilege relating to instruction in flying or flight under the instrument flight rules which may be attached to the licence unless he is otherwise so entitled under this Order or under the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951 ;

(ii) if the Minister sees fit to do so, he may at any time prohibit the holder of such a licence from exercising the privileges conferred by this subparagraph and, in that event, such licence shall cease to be deemed to be a licence validated by the Minister under the provisions of this Order.

(11) For the purposes of this Article and of Schedule VI to this Order " appropriate licence " means a licence which entitles the holder to perform the functions which he undertakes in relation to the aircraft concerned and the flight on which it is engaged.

(12) This Article shall not apply to a person acting as pilot of a glider which is being flown as a private aircraft.

Grant of licences to flight crew members.

6.--(1) Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this Order, the Minister may grant a licence to any person applying therefor to act as a flight crew member of an aircraft registered in the State in any of the following capacities :--

pilot,

flight navigator,

flight engineer, or

flight radio operator,

upon his being satisfied that the applicant is qualified in accordance with the provisions of this Order to act in the capacity to which the licence relates.

(2) A licence granted under the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article may be made subject to any conditions which the Minister thinks fit.

(3) The Minister may, in respect of a particular licence or class of licence granted under the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, prescribe the manner, nature and frequency of competency checks which the holder of the particular licence or class of licence may be required to undergo during the validity period of the licence and he may authorise or approve a person or persons for the purpose of carrying out such checks.

Medical fitness.

7.--(1) Every person applying for a licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member shall meet the medical requirements specified in the appropriate Part of this Order.

(2) The holder of a licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member shall not act in the capacity for which he is licensed during any period in which he is aware of any illness or decrease in medical fitness which might render him unable to meet, for the time being, the aforesaid medical requirements.

(3) The holder of a licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member shall make a declaration to the Minister--

(a) immediately, of any accident which may occur to him during the performance of his duties, or of any accident which may otherwise occur to him and which involves any incapacity for work ;

(b) of any illness involving incapacity for work during ten days or more, as soon as the period of ten days has elapsed ;

and shall not act in the capacity for which he is licensed until he has furnished a medical report, giving the nature of the injury, illness or other cause of incapacity, the treatment received and his present condition and has, in the light of such report, either been medically re-examined and declared fit so to act or has been informed by the Minister that such medical re-examination is not required.

(4) The holder of a licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member may be required by the Minister to submit himself from time to time to further medical examinations carried out in accordance with arrangements approved by the Minister.

(5) A licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member granted or validated under this Order shall be deemed to be suspended upon the pregnancy of the holder being diagnosed and shall remain suspended until the holder has been medically examined after the termination of the pregnancy and has been assessed as fit to resume the exercise of the privileges of the licence.

Aircraft maintenance engineers to be licensed.

8.--(1) Subject to the provisions of this Article, a person may not certify any matter requiring certification by or under paragraph (3) of Article 7, Article 18 or Article 19 of the Air Navigation (Airworthiness of Aircraft) Order, 1964 ( S.I. No. 141 of 1964 ), unless he is the holder of a current licence to act in the capacity of aircraft maintenance engineer granted or validated by the Minister and entitling him to certify that matter or is designated in accordance with paragraph (4) of this Article to certify that matter or is approved by the Minister in that behalf under the said Order or this Order.

(2) When an aircraft registered in the State is within the territory of such other state as may be prescribed, the certification referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article may, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, be performed by the holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence granted or validated by the competent licensing authority of such other state or by a person approved in that behalf by such authority.

(3) Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this Order, the Minister may grant a licence to any person applying therefor who satisfies the appropriate requirements of this Order to act in the capacity of aircraft maintenance engineer in any of the categories specified in Article 61 of this Order : provided that the Minister shall not consider an application for a licence to act in the capacity of aircraft maintenance engineer, in Category B, in respect of aircraft of such type, size or complexity, or, in Category D, in respect of engines of such type, size or complexity, that they should, in the opinion of the Minister, be certified only by persons designated in that behalf in accordance with paragraph (4) of this Article.

(4) (a) The Minister may, by letter, approve an organisation (in this Article called an approved organisation) for the overhaul, modification, repair and maintenance of aircraft including accessories and component parts and may vest in the organisation any or all of the privileges appropriate to any or all of the categories of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence. An approved organisation may, subject to the extent of the privileges so vested and to any conditions or limitations which the Minister may impose, designate persons to certify, on its behalf, any or all of the matters requiring the certification referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article. A person so designated may act in that capacity only while he remains so designated and then only to the extent to which he is entitled so to act in accordance with the terms of his designation.

(b) The Minister, on sufficient grounds being shown to his satisfaction after due investigation by him, may by written notice to an approved organisation, on and from a date specified in such notice, withdraw the approval and cease the vesting. On receipt of such notice the organisation shall forthwith cause all persons concerned, in the organisation, to be notified of such withdrawal and of the specified date thereof and return the letter of approval to the Minister. On and from such date persons designated by the organisation shall not certify any matter requiring the certification referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article except insofar as they may be otherwise entitled under--

(i) this Order,

(ii) the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951, or

(iii) the Air Navigation (Airworthiness of Aircraft) Order, 1964,

to certify that matter, or unless re-designated by the organisation in the event of subsequent approval by the Minister under subparagraph (a) of this paragraph.

(5) Subject to any conditions or limitations which he may see fit to impose, the Minister may by letter approve a person to perform the certification referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article : provided that, subject to subparagraph (a) of paragraph (4) of this Article, the Minister shall not approve a person to certify any matter in relation to aircraft or engines of such type, size or complexity that they should, in the opinion of the Minister, be certified only by persons designated in that behalf in accordance with the said subparagraph (a). A person so approved may act in that capacity only while he remains so approved and then only to the extent to which he is entitled so to act in accordance with the terms of his approval. The Minister may, on sufficient grounds being shown to his satisfaction after due investigation by him, by written notice to the approved person, withdraw such approval on and from a date specified in such notice. On receipt of such notice such person shall forthwith return the letter of approval to the Minister.

(6) A person duly designated under paragraph (4) of this Article and a person approved under paragraph (5) of this Article shall, while so designated or approved and when acting within the terms of his designation or approval, be regarded as a person approved by the Minister for the purposes of Article 25 of the Air Navigation (Airworthiness of Aircraft) Order, 1964.

Duration of licences.

9. Subject to the provisions of this Order a licence granted thereunder shall remain valid for such period as may be shown therein, provided that such period shall not exceed the period set out below or such other period as may be prescribed in respect of the particular class of licence:--

Student pilot's licence		If the applicant's age is under 40 years, 24 months.
Private pilot's licence	If the applicant's age is over 40 years, 12 months.

Commercial pilot's licence		If the applicant's age is under 40 years, 12 months.
If the applicant's age is over 40 years, 6 months.

Senior commercial pilot's licence		6 months.
Airline transport pilot's licence

Flight navigator's licence
Flight engineer's licence
Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence (temporary)
Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence
Aircraft maintenance engineer's licence

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (restricted)		24 months.
Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general)

Renewal of licences.

10.--(1) A licence may be renewed by the Minister, from the expiration of its period of validity or from any time thereafter, on application being made by the holder thereof.

(2) An applicant for the renewal of a licence shall satisfy the appropriate requirements of this Order as to recent experience, provided that, if he is unable so to do, the licence may nevertheless be renewed if the applicant satisfies the Minister by examination, test or otherwise that he has maintained his competency.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of the last preceding paragraph, the Minister may require an applicant for the renewal of a licence to comply with any or all of the requirements for the time being applicable to the grant of a licence of the same class.

(4) An applicant for the renewal of a licence shall meet the medical requirements specified in the appropriate Part of this Order.

(5) The period for which a licence may be renewed shall not exceed the appropriate period set out in Article 9 of this Order or prescribed as provided therein as the case may be, and may be limited to such shorter period as the Minister may determine.

Rating of licences.

11.--(1) A licence to act in the capacity of pilot, flight engineer or aircraft maintenance engineer shall at the time of the grant thereof be rated in accordance with the provisions of this Order.

(2) Additional ratings may be endorsed on a licence at any time during its currency on the holder thereof satisfying the appropriate requirements of this Order.

(3) The Minister may at any time cancel or vary any rating endorsed on a licence if he is not satisfied that the holder thereof continues to be competent to hold, or to perform the duties appropriate to, such rating or to perform any particular duty appropriate to such rating, as the case may be.

Instruction in flying.

12.--(1) A person shall not fly within the State in any aircraft for the purpose of giving instruction in flying to another person carried therein for the purpose of becoming qualified for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or for an additional rating thereon or give to any person flying or about to fly as pilot in command of an aircraft for the purpose of becoming so qualified any direction in relation to such instruction unless--

(a) the first-mentioned person (hereinafter referred to as the instructor) holds a current pilot's licence granted or validated by the Minister ;

(b) the licence held by the instructor is a licence entitling him to act as pilot in command of the aircraft in the circumstances under which the instruction is given ;

(c) the licence held by the instructor includes a flight instructor rating granted or validated by the Minister and entitling the instructor to give the instruction which he undertakes,

provided that the requirement in subparagraph (c) of this paragraph shall not apply in a case where the instruction is given by a person employed by an air transport undertaking in the course of training another person, who holds a pilot's licence and who is employed by the same undertaking, to become qualified for an additional rating under a training scheme established by the said undertaking and approved by the Minister.

(2) (a) The holder of a flight instructor rating granted by the Minister under this Order may act in that capacity only to the extent to which he is entitled so to act by virtue of the privileges and limitations appropriate in accordance with the provisions of this Order to the class of flight instructor rating which he holds.

(b) Subject to any limitations or conditions subject to which the rating was validated the holder of a flight instructor rating validated by the Minister under this Order may act in that capacity only to the extent to which he is entitled so to act by the terms of the rating and by the law of the state by which the rating was granted.

(3) In this Article a "flight instructor rating" includes, in the case of a flight instructor rating granted by the Minister, a flight instructor rating class I and a flight instructor rating class II.

Grant of flight instructor rating.

13.--(1) The Minister may grant to the holder of a current pilot's licence granted or validated by him a flight instructor rating on such holder's applying therefor and every such rating shall, if granted, be graded as class I or class II according to the qualifications of such holder as determined by reference to the requirements appropriate in accordance with Article 38 of this Order for the grant of such rating.

(2) A flight instructor rating shall specify the type of aircraft in which the holder of the licence is authorised to give instruction in flying, and such rating may be extended by the Minister to cover the giving of instruction in the flying of aircraft of any other type on such a holder applying therefor and satisfying the requirements appropriate in accordance with Article 38 of this Order for the extension of such rating.

(3) A flight instructor rating may be varied, cancelled or suspended by the Minister, if he is satisfied that such action is warranted, but subject to any variation, cancellation or suspension shall remain valid for such period shown therein not exceeding--

(i) 12 months, or

(ii) such other period as may be prescribed,

as the case may be, and may be renewed by the Minister from the expiration of its period of validity or from any time thereafter on the holder's satisfying the requirements appropriate in accordance with Article 38 of this Order for renewal of such a rating.

(4) The Minister may require an applicant for the renewal of a flight instructor rating to comply with any or all of the requirements for the time being applicable to the grant of such rating.

(5) A flight instructor rating shall not be granted or renewed if the Minister is satisfied that the holder of the licence is not a fit and proper person to give instruction in flying.

(6) The Minister may, at any time or at a prescribed frequency or at both, require the holder of a flight instructor rating to undergo a competency check of such nature, in such a manner and carried out by such a person as may be prescribed for the purpose of demonstrating that he continues to maintain his competence to act as a flight instructor in accordance with the privileges of the flight instructor rating which he holds.

Flight under instrument flight rules.

14.--(1) A person shall not act as pilot in command of an aircraft or as co-pilot in a public transport aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot, being an aircraft registered in the State, under instrument flight rules unless such person is authorised so to act by a current instrument rating--

(a) granted or validated by the Minister and included in the licence held by such person or in the validation of such licence, as the case may be, and

(b) appropriate to the category of aircraft flown.

(2) A person shall not, within the State, act as pilot in command of an aircraft or as co-pilot in a public transport aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot, being an aircraft registered in any other state, under instrument flight rules unless such person is authorised so to act by a licence, or by a current instrument rating endorsed thereon or included therein, granted or validated by the competent licensing authority of the state in which the aircraft is registered and appropriate to the category of aircraft flown.

(3) The Minister may grant to the holder of a current pilot's licence granted or validated by him an instrument rating on such holder's applying therefor and satisfying the requirements appropriate in accordance with Article 39 of this Order for the grant of such rating.

(4) An instrument rating shall, subject to paragraph (6) of this Article, remain valid for the period shown therein not exceeding--

(i) 12 months, or

(ii) such other period as may be be prescribed,

and may be renewed by the Minister from the expiration of its period of validity or from any time thereafter on the holder's satisfying the requirements appropriate in accordance with Article 39 of this Order for renewal of such rating.

(5) The Minister may require an applicant for the renewal of an instrument rating to comply with any or all of the requirements for the time being applicable to the grant of such rating.

(6) An instrument rating may be cancelled or suspended by the Minister if he is satisfied that the holder thereof is no longer competent to hold such rating.

(7) The Minister may, at any time or at a prescribed frequency or at both, require the holder of an instrument rating to undergo a competency check of such nature, in such a manner and carried out by such a person as may be prescribed for the purpose of demonstrating that he continues to maintain his competence to act as pilot under instrument flight rules in an aircraft of the category to which the instrument rating relates.

Grant of night rating.

15.--(1) The Minister may, on application being made therefor by the holder of a current private pilot's licence, grant to the applicant a night rating if he satisfies the appropriate requirements of Article 40 of this Order.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3) of this Article, a night rating shall remain valid during the period of validity of the holder's private pilot's licence and may be renewed upon or after the renewal of such licence if the applicant satisfies the appropriate requirements of Article 40 of this Order, save that the Minister may require the applicant to comply with any or all of the requirements for the time being applicable to the grant of such rating.

(3) A night rating may be cancelled or suspended by the Minister if he is satisfied that the holder is no longer competent to hold such rating.

(4) The Minister may, at any time or at such times as may be prescribed or both, require the holder of a night rating to undergo a competency check of such nature, in such manner and carried out by such person, as may be prescribed, for the purpose of showing that such holder continues to maintain his competence to act as pilot in command while carrying passengers at night.

Privileges of licences.

16.--(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the holder of a licence granted by the Minister under this Order may act in the capacity for which he is licensed only to the extent to which he is entitled so to act by the privileges appropriate in accordance with the provisions of this Order to the licence which he holds and shall not exercise any other privileges.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Order and to any limitations or conditions subject to which the licence was validated, the holder of a licence validated by the Minister under this Order may act in the capacity for which he is licensed only to the extent to which he is entitled so to act by the terms of the licence and by the law of the state by which the licence was granted.

(3) Nothing in this Order shall be taken to prohibit the holder of a commercial pilot's, senior commercial pilot's or airline transport pilot's licence granted by the Minister from acting as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers at night by reason only of the lack of a night rating in his licence.

(4) The Minister may, at the time of the grant or renewal of a licence or at any time during a period for which it remains in force, impose such special limitations on or in connection with the exercise of the privileges conferred by the licence as he may in the particular case think fit. Any such limitations shall be endorsed on the licence and may at any time be removed by the Minister on his being satisfied that they are no longer necessary.

(5) The Minister may at the time of renewal of a licence or at any time during a period for which a licence remains in force vary any particular or other matter entered by him in or on the licence.

Validation of licences granted by foreign states.

17.--(1) The Minister may, subject to such limitations and conditions as he shall think fit and to the provisions of this Article, validate any current licence including any endorsement thereon or rating included therein granted by the competent licensing authority in any foreign state, and such validation shall confer on such licence the same validity in relation to aircraft registered in the State as if it had been granted under this Order.

(2) A validation under the preceding paragraph may be granted for such period as the Minister may think fit, but in no case shall such period extend beyond the date of expiry of the licence as shown thereon at the date of validation.

(3) Every validation under this Article shall be attached to the licence to which it relates and shall remain so attached during the period for which the validation has been granted.

(4) The Minister may require any person applying for a validation to undergo such examination or test as he may deem necessary in the particular case.

(5) Articles 23, 24, 25, 26 and 28 of this Order shall apply to every validation under this Article in the same manner as they apply to a licence.

Production of licences.

18. Every person who is required by the provisions of this Order to hold a licence and who is required by--

(a) a person authorised for the purpose of this Article by the Minister, or

(b) a member of the Garda Siochana,

to produce the licence for inspection by such person or member shall forthwith produce the licence for such inspection.

Examinations and tests.

19.--(1) The Minister may, at his discretion, exempt any person from any examination or test required under the provisions of this Order if the person has established to the satisfaction of the Minister that he possesses the required knowledge or skill, as the case may be.

(2) All examinations and tests required under the provisions of Schedules I, II, III and V to this Order shall be conducted by the Minister or by persons authorised by him in that behalf and as to whose qualifications for the purpose the Minister is satisfied.

(3) Examinations and tests required under the provisions of Schedule IV to this Order shall be conducted by the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs or by persons authorised by him in that behalf and as to whose qualifications for the purpose that Minister is satisfied.

(4) Candidates for the examinations and tests referred to in paragraph (3) of this Article shall pay to the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs such fees as he may require under the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1926 .

Log books.

20.--(1) Every person licensed under the provisions of this Order to act in any of the capacities specified in paragraph (1) of Article 6 of this Order shall keep a record of his flights in a log book in such form as may be required or approved by the Minister.

(2) Entries in pilots' log books shall be made in conformity with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(3) Entries in every log book shall be made in ink and shall be kept up to date.

(4) Every log book kept under this Article or under Article 23 of the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951, shall be preserved for a period of two years from the date of the last entry therein.

(5) No person shall--

(a) deface, disfigure, mutilate, alter or render illegible any log book kept under this Article or under Article 23 of the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951, or any entry made in any such log book or destroy any such log book during the period for which it is required by this Article to be preserved ; or

(b) wilfully make or procure to be made or assist in the making of any false entry in or material omission from a log book kept under this Article or under Article 23 of the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951.

(6) Every person who is required by the provisions of this Article to keep or preserve a log book and who is required by--

(a) a person authorised by the Minister for the purpose of this Article, or

(b) a member of the Garda Siochana,

to produce for inspection by such person or member any log book kept or required to be preserved by him shall within a reasonable time produce for such inspection any log book wherein any entry was made within the period of two years next before the date of the request.

Power to prevent aircraft flying.

21.--(1) If it appears to the Minister or to an authorised officer that any aircraft is intended or likely to be flown from any place within the State in such circumstances that there would be a contravention of the provisions of Articles 5, 7, 12 or 14 of this Order or of any directions made thereunder and that the flight would be a cause of danger to persons or property, the Minister or the authorised officer may give to the operator or the person designated by the operator to act as pilot in command such instructions and take such steps by way of detention of the aircraft and otherwise as appear to him to be necessary in order to prevent the flight and the person so instructed shall comply with such instructions.

(2) For the purposes of this Article the Minister or the authorised officer concerned may enter and inspect the aircraft concerned.

(3) In this Article "authorised officer" means an authorised officer for the purposes of Section 64 of the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1936 (No. 40 of 1936).

Applications for grant, etc. of licences.

22.--(1) Every applicant for the grant, renewal, validation or rating of a licence shall make application in such form and shall furnish such particulars as the Minister may from time to time require.

(2) The Minister may require any such applicant to produce documentary or other evidence in support of any particulars given in the application form or of any statement made in relation to the application.

Endorsement, revocation and suspension of licences.

23.--(1) The Minister may, on sufficient ground being shown to his satisfaction after due investigation by him, endorse or revoke any licence granted by him under the provisions of this Order and may suspend any such licence for such period as he may deem fit.

(2) The Minister may, at any time, if he so thinks fit, remove any such endorsement or issue, with or without endorsement, a fresh licence in lieu of any licence which he has endorsed or revoked.

Surrender of licence documents.

24. Every revocation or suspension of a licence under the preceding Article shall be communicated in writing by the Minister to the holder of the licence and such holder shall forthwith deliver up the licence to the Minister.

Limitation on grant or renewal of licences.

25. The Minister shall not grant or renew a licence if he is not satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold a licence.

Refusal of grant or renewal of licences.

26. In any particular case, the Minister may refuse to grant or renew a licence if, in the circumstances of the case, it appears to him to be inexpedient in the public interest that a licence should be granted or renewed, as the case may be.

Signature on licences.

27.--(1) On the grant of a licence to an applicant, he shall forthwith sign his name on the licence with his ordinary signature in ink.

(2) The holder of a licence shall notify the Minister in writing of his new address within thirty days after any change in his permanent postal address.

(3) No entries, endorsements or variations shall be made in or on a licence except in a manner and by the persons authorised for that purpose by the Minister.

Forgery, etc., of licences.

28. A person shall not--

(a) forge or fraudulently alter or procure to be forged or fraudulently altered or assist in forging or fraudulently altering any licence required by this Order, or

(b) fraudulently use any licence granted under this Order to which he is not entitled, or

(d) fraudulently lend any such licence to any other person or fraudulently allow or permit any such licence to be used by any other person.

False representations.

29. A person shall not make, procure to be made, or assist in making any false representations for the purpose of procuring either for himself or any other person the grant, validation, extension or renewal of a licence or rating.

Prohibition on unauthorised certifying.

30. A person who is the holder of a licence, granted or validated under this Order, entitling him to act in the capacity of an aircraft maintenance engineer or who is authorised or is otherwise entitled in accordance with the terms of any provision of this Order or of the Air Navigation (Airworthiness of Aircraft) Order, 1964, or any directions given thereunder to certify anything for the purposes thereof shall not, in acting as being so entitled or authorised, certify anything which he is not qualified under the terms or conditions of his licence to certify, or which he is not authorised or entitled to certify, as the case may be, or wilfully or negligently certify anything which he has not ascertained to be correct.

Exemption from Order.

31. Any aircraft in respect of which, or persons in respect of whom, the Minister gives a direction under this Order for the purposes of this Article shall be exempt from such provisions of this Order as are specified in the direction, subject to any conditions or limitations contained in the direction.

PART III PILOTS' LICENCES

Classification of licences.

32. Pilots' licences shall be classified as follows :

Student pilot's licence.

Private pilot's licence.

Commercial pilot's licence.

Senior Commercial pilot's licence.

Airline Transport pilot's licence.

Age limits.

33. Applicants for the grant of pilots' licences shall be not less than the ages respectively shown hereunder on the date of application--

Student pilot	16 years
Private pilot	17 years
Commercial pilot	18 years
Senior Commercial pilot	21 years
Airline Transport pilot	21 years

Medical requirements.

34.--(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Schedule VII to this Order, applicants for the grant or renewal of pilots' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in that Schedule--

			Physical requirement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement	Hearing requirement
Student pilot	}		No. 3	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2
Private pilot
Commercial pilot		}	,, 1	,, 1	,, 1	,, 1
Senior Commercial pilot		}
Airline Transport pilot

(2) An applicant for the grant or renewal of a student pilot's or private pilot's licence shall be examined by a registered medical practitioner, who may be the applicant's usual medical attendant. The medical examination shall be conducted in accordance with the form of medical report approved for the purpose by the Minister, to whom the report shall be furnished by the medical examiner on completion of the medical examination.

(3) Applicants for the grant or renewal of commercial pilots', senior commercial pilots' and airline transport pilots' licences shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

(4) An applicant for the grant or renewal of an instrument rating who is the holder of a private pilot's licence shall pass a test in hearing requirement No. 1 set out in Schedule VII to this Order conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

Technical requirements.

35.--(1) (a) Subject to paragraph (3) of this Article and to paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 10 of this Order, every applicant for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence to fly aeroplanes or helicopters or for an additional rating thereon shall meet the respective technical requirements of the appropriate Part of Schedule I to this Order ;

(b) Subject to paragraph (3) of this Article and to paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 10 of this Order, every applicant for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence to fly aircraft other than aeroplanes or helicopters or for an additional rating thereon shall meet such respective technical requirements as may be prescribed from time to time as appropriate.

(2) Evidence of flying experience shall be in the form of a record in the pilot's log book or in such other form as may be required or approved by the Minister in the particular case.

(3) If an applicant for a commercial pilot's licence does not meet the experience requirements set out in clauses (c) and (d) of subparagraph (1) of paragraph 2 of Part III of Schedule I to this Order or any corresponding requirements prescribed under subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of this Article whichever are appropriate in the particular case, a commercial pilot's licence may nevertheless be granted but, if granted, the holder shall not, by night, act as pilot in command of a public transport aircraft or of an aircraft carrying passengers. An endorsement to that effect shall be made on any licence so granted.

Aircraft ratings.

36.--(1) Aircraft ratings shall comprise :--

(a) category rating ;

(b) class rating ;

(2) Category ratings shall comprise :--

(a) aeroplane ;

(b) rotorcraft (e.g. helicopter or gyroplane) ;

(d) free balloon.

(3) Class ratings shall comprise :--

(a) for aeroplanes :

(i) single-engined, land ;

(ii) single-engined, sea ;

(iii) multi-engined, land ;

(iv) multi-engined, sea ;

(b) for rotorcraft :

(i) single-rotor, helicopter ;

(ii) multi-rotor, helicopter ;

(iii) gyroplane,

and shall, where appropriate, be sub-divided as follows :--

(I) piston-engined ;

(II) turbine-engined with turbo-propellor engine ;

(III) turbine-engined with turbo-jet engine.

(4) Type ratings shall comprise :--

(a) a rating for each type of aircraft the maximum total authorised weight of which exceeds 12,500 lb. ;

(b) a rating for each type of helicopter and for each unconventional type of aircraft irrespective of weight in either case ;

(c) in any case not provided for in subparagraph (a) or (b) of this paragraph, a rating for each type of aircraft where so required for the exercise of the privileges set out in paragraph (4), (5) or (6) of Article 41 of this Order or prescribed under subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of that Article.

Endorsement of rating on licences.

37. Every pilot's licence (other than a student pilot's licence) shall at the time of the grant thereof be endorsed with an aircraft rating appropriate to the category, class and, where necessary, the type of aircraft in respect of which the applicant has satisfied the Minister that he is qualified by reason of his knowledge, experience, skill and medical fitness to act in the capacity to which the licence relates and in accordance with the privileges of the licence.

Flight instructor rating.

38.--(1) An applicant for the grant, extension or renewal of a flight instructor rating appropriate to aeroplanes or helicopters shall meet the appropriate requirements set out in Part VI of Schedule I to this Order.

(2) An applicant for the grant, extension or renewal of a flight instructor rating appropriate to aircraft other than aeroplanes or helicopters shall meet such requirements as may, from time to time, be prescribed as appropriate.

Instrument rating.

39.--(1) An applicant for the grant or renewal of an instrument rating--aeroplanes shall meet the appropriate requirements set out in Part VII of Schedule I to this Order.

(2) An applicant for the grant or renewal of an instrument rating--helicopters shall meet the appropriate requirements prescribed under paragraph 5 of Part VII of Schedule I to this Order.

(3) An applicant for the grant or renewal of an instrument rating appropriate to aircraft, other than aeroplanes or helicopters, shall meet such requirements as may, from time to time, be prescribed as appropriate.

Night rating.

40.--(1) The holder of a private pilot's licence who desires to obtain the grant or renewal of a night rating appropriate to aeroplanes or helicopters shall meet the appropriate requirements set out in paragraph 4 of Part II of Schedule I to this Order.

(2) The holder of a private pilot's licence who desires to obtain the grant or renewal of a night rating appropriate to aircraft other than aeroplanes or helicopters shall meet such requirements as may, from time to time, be prescribed as appropriate.

Privileges and limitations.

41.--(1) Subject to the provisions of Article 16 of this Order, the respective privileges and limitations of pilots' licences and ratings granted by the Minister under this Order shall be--

(a) as set out in paragraphs (2) to (8) of this Article in the case of a licence to fly aeroplanes or helicopters and of a night rating, instrument rating and flight instructor rating appropriate to such a licence and endorsed thereon or included therein ;

(b) as prescribed from time to time in the case of a licence to fly aircraft other than aeroplanes or helicopters and of a night rating, instrument rating and flight instructor rating appropriate to such a licence and endorsed thereon or included therein.

(2) Student Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

The holder of this licence may act as pilot in command of an aeroplane or helicopter, only under the following conditions :--

(a) all flights shall be made under the supervision of, and in accordance with instructions given by, a duly authorised instructor ;

(b) all flights shall be made within the territorial limits of the State ;

(d) no flight may be made at night ;

(e) no cross-country flight may be undertaken unless and until a duly authorised instructor has, by a certificate written in ink and signed and dated by him in the pilot's log book, certified that the holder of the licence--

(i) has passed to the satisfaction of such instructor an examination in air navigation regulations, rules of the air and air traffic control procedures, elementary map-reading and the use of the compass in flight ; and

(ii) is competent to undertake cross-country flight.

(3) Private Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

The holder of this licence may act but not for remuneration (save where given in the circumstances mentioned in the proviso to paragraph (2) of Article 2 of this Order)--

(a) as pilot in command or co-pilot of any aircraft, when operated as a private aircraft, of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(b) as pilot in command or co-pilot of any aircraft, when operated as a private aircraft, of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence, which does not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb., and which is not a helicopter or an aircraft of an unconventional type :

Provided that he may not act as pilot in command while carrying passengers at night unless--(i) there is endorsed on his licence a current night rating appropriate to the category of aircraft flown, and (ii) a current instrument rating appropriate to the category of aircraft flown is included in the licence or, within the period of six months immediately preceding the flight on which passengers are to be carried, he has carried out at night not less than 5 take-offs and 5 landings while acting as pilot in command of an aircraft of the category flown.

(4) Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

The holder of this licence may exercise all the privileges of a private pilot's licence (aeroplanes or helicopters) as set out in paragraph (3) of this Article and may--

(a) act as pilot in command of any aircraft, when operated as a private or an aerial work aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I of the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(b) act as pilot in command of any aircraft, when operated as a public transport aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I of the aircraft rating on his licence which does not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb. ;

(i) any aircraft, when operated as a private, public transport or an aerial work aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I or part II of the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(ii) any aircraft, when operated as a public transport aircraft (not carrying passengers) or an aerial work aircraft, of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence which does not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb. and which is not a helicopter or an aircraft of an unconventional type :

Provided that, and subject also to any endorsement on his licence under the provisions of paragraph (3) of Article 35 of this Order, he may not act as pilot in command while carrying passengers at night unless a current instrument rating appropriate to the category of aircraft flown is included in the licence or unless, within the period of three months immediately preceding the flight on which passengers are to be carried, he has carried out at night at least five take-offs and five landings while acting as pilot in command of an aircraft of the category flown.

(5) Senior Commercial Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes).

The holder of this licence may exercise all the privileges of a private pilot's licence endorsed with the aeroplane category rating as set out in paragraph (3) of this Article and may--

(a) act as pilot in command of any aeroplane, when operated as a private or an aerial work aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I of the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(b) act as pilot in command of any aeroplane, when operated as a public transport aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I of the aircraft rating on his licence which does not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of--

(i) if the aircraft is carrying passengers--45,000 lb. ;

(ii) if the aircraft is not carrying passengers--50,000 lb. ;

(i) any aeroplane, when operated as a private, public transport or an aerial work aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I or part II of the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(ii) any aeroplane, when operated as a public transport aircraft (not carrying passengers) or an aerial work aircraft, of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence which does not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb. and which is not an aircraft of an unconventional type :

Provided that the holder of the licence may only exercise privileges appropriate in accordance with paragraph (4) of this Article to a commercial pilot's licence endorsed with the aeroplane category rating, if his instrument rating--aeroplanes is not current.

(6) Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

The holder of this licence may exercise all the privileges of a private pilot's licence (aeroplanes or helicopters) as set out in paragraph (3) of this Article and may--

(a) act as pilot in command of any aircraft, when operated as a private or an aerial work aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I of the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(b) act as pilot in command of any aircraft, when operated as a public transport aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I of the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(i) any aircraft, when operated as a private, public transport or an aerial work aircraft, of the type or types specified in part I or part II of the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(ii) any aircraft, when operated as a public transport aircraft (not carrying passengers) or an aerial work aircraft of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence which does not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb. and which is not a helicopter or an aircraft of an unconventional type ;

Provided that the holder of the licence--

(a) may only exercise privileges in accordance with paragraph (4) of this Article if the aircraft flown is an aeroplane and if his instrument rating--aeroplanes is not current ;

(b) shall not, at any time after he attains the age of sixty years, fly as pilot in command of a public transport aircraft carrying passengers, if its maximum total authorised weight exceeds 45,000 lb. or a public transport aircraft not carrying passengers if its maximum total authorised weight exceeds 50,000 lb.

(7) Instrument Rating--The holder of a pilot's licence (aeroplanes or helicopters) which includes a current instrument rating may, while piloting an aircraft of the category to which the licence and the instrument rating relates, exercise the privileges of the licence under instrument flight rules.

(8) Flight Instructor Rating--

(a) Class I. The holder of a pilot's licence which is endorsed with a flight instructor rating class I may, in respect of the type of aircraft covered by such rating--

(i) authorise and supervise all solo flights by student pilots ;

(ii) give directions regarding the authorisation and supervision of solo flights by student pilots (other than the first solo flight and the first solo cross-country flight) to the holder of a flight instructor rating class II ;

(iii) give instruction in flying to any person for the purpose of enabling such person to become qualified for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or for a rating or an extension of a rating ;

(iv) give directions, in relation to such instruction, to the holder of a flight instructor rating class II or to any person flying or about to fly as pilot in command of an aircraft for the purpose of becoming so qualified ;

(v) certify as to any matter required to be certified by a duly authorised instructor pursuant to the provisions of this Order.

(b) Class II. The holder of a pilot's licence which is endorsed with a flight instructor rating class II may, in respect of the type of aircraft covered by such rating and when under the direction of the holder of a flight instructor rating class I covering the appropriate type of aircraft--

(i) authorise and supervise solo flights by student pilots (other than the first solo flight and the first solo cross-country flight) ;

(ii) give instruction in flying to any person for the purpose of enabling such person to become qualified for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or for a rating or an extension of a rating ;

(iii) give directions, in relation to such instruction, to any person flying or about to fly as pilot in command of an aircraft for the purpose of becoming so qualified :

provided that no direction may be given in relation to a student pilot's first solo flight or first solo cross-country flight by the holder of a flight instructor rating class II.

PART IV FLIGHT NAVIGATORS' LICENCES

Age limit.

42.--Applicants for the grant of flight navigators' licences shall be not less than 21 years of age on the date of application.

Medical requirements.

43.--(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Schedule VII to this Order applicants for the grant or renewal of flight navigators' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in that Schedule :--

Physical requirement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement	Hearing requirement
No. 2	No. 2	No. 1	No. 1

(2) Applicants for the grant or renewal of flight navigators' licences shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

Technical requirements.

44.--(1) Every applicant for the grant of a flight navigator's licence shall, to the satisfaction of the Minister, pass examinations and tests and produce evidence of navigational experience, in accordance with the requirements of knowledge, experience and skill set out in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 respectively of Schedule II to this Order.

(2) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 10 of this Order every applicant for the renewal of a flight navigator's licence shall, to the satisfaction of the Minister, produce evidence of recent navigational experience in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 4 of Schedule II to this Order.

(3) Evidence of navigational experience shall be in the form of a record in the flight navigator's log book or in such other form as may, in the particular case, be required or approved by the Minister.

Privileges and limitations.

45.--The holder of a flight navigator's licence may act as flight navigator in any aircraft provided that he has familiarised himself with all pertinent and current information relevant to the route to be flown.

PART V FLIGHT ENGINEERS' LICENCES

Age limit.

46.--Applicants for the grant of flight engineers' licences shall be not less than 21 years of age on the date of application.

Medical requirements.

47.--(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Schedule VII to this Order applicants for the grant or renewal of flight engineers' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in that Schedule :--

Physical requirement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement	Hearing requirement
No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 1

(2) Applicants for the grant or renewal of flight engineers' licences shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

Technical requirements.

48.--(1) Every applicant for the grant of a flight engineer's licence shall, to the satisfaction of the Minister, pass examinations and tests and produce evidence of experience, in accordance with the requirements of knowledge, experience and skill set out in paragraphs 1 to 3 respectively of Schedule III to this Order.

(2) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 10 of this Order, every applicant for the renewal of a flight engineer's licence shall meet the requirements of paragraph 5 of Schedule III to this Order.

(3) Evidence of experience shall be in the form of a record in the flight engineer's log book or in such other form as may, in the particular case, be required or approved by the Minister.

Endorsement of rating on licence.

49.--(1) Every flight engineer's licence shall, at the time of the grant thereof, be endorsed with a rating for the particular type or types of aircraft, and the particular type or types of engines, in respect of which the applicant has satisfied the requirements specified in paragraph (1) of Article 48 of this Order.

(2) The holder of a flight engineer's licence who makes application for the endorsement of an additional rating thereon shall meet the requirements specified in paragraph 4 of Schedule III to this Order.

Privileges and limitations.

50.--The holder of a flight engineer's licence may act in the capacity of flight engineer in any aircraft of the type for which his licence is endorsed with a rating in accordance with the provisions of Article 49 of this Order.

PART VI FLIGHT RADIO OPERATORS' LICENCES AND ENDORSEMENT OF RADIOTELEPHONY QUALIFICATION ON A PILOT'S LICENCE

Classification of licences.

51.--Flight radio operators' licences shall be classified as follows :--

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (restricted).

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general).

Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence (temporary).

Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence.

Age limits.

52.--Applicants for the grant of flight radio operators' licences shall be not less than the age respectively shown hereunder on the date of application.

Flight radiotelephony operator (restricted)--17 years.

Flight radiotelephony operator (general)--18 years.

Flight radiotelegrapby operator (temporary)--17 years.

Flight radiotelegraphy operator--18 years.

Medical requirements.

53.--(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Schedule VII to this Order, applicants for the grant or renewal of flight radio operators' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in that Schedule :--

Physical requirement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement	Hearing requirement
No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 1

(2) Every applicant for the grant or renewal of a flight radio operator's licence shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

Technical requirements.

54.--(1) Every applicant for the grant of a flight radio operator's licence shall--

(a) furnish evidence that he has, to the satisfaction of the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs, passed examinations and tests in accordance with the requirements set out in Schedule IV to this Order as appropriate to the class of licence sought ; or

(b) establish to the satisfaction of the Minister for Transport and Power that he possesses the required knowledge and skill.

(2) Every applicant for the grant of a flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence shall produce satisfactory evidence of experience in accordance with the requirements set out in subparagraph (3) of paragraph 2 of Schedule IV to this Order.

(3) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 10 of this Order, every applicant for the renewal of a flight radio operator's licence shall meet the particular requirements of paragraph 3 of Schedule IV to this Order which are appropriate to the class of flight radio operator's licence for which renewal is sought.

(4) The evidence required under subparagraph (a) of paragraph (1) of this Article shall be in the form of a certificate of proficiency issued by the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.

(5) The evidence required under paragraph (2) of this Article and under subparagraph (1) and (3) of paragraph 3 of Schedule IV to this Order shall be in the form of a record in the flight radio operator's log book or in such other form as may in the particular case be required or approved by the Minister.

Privileges and limitations.

55.--Provided that he has familiarised himself with all pertinent and current information regarding the type or types of radio equipment to be used and the operating procedures to be followed, the holder of a flight radio operator's licence may act as a flight radio operator in accordance with the terms and classification of his licence as follows :--

(1) Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (restricted).

The holder of the licence may carry out the radiotelephone service of any aircraft station operating on frequencies allocated exclusively to the aeronautical mobile service, provided that the operation of the transmitter requires only the use of simple external switching devices excluding all manual adjustment of frequency determining elements and that the stability of the frequencies is automatically maintained by the transmitter itself.

(2) Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general).

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelephony apparatus on board any aircraft.

(3) Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence (temporary).

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelegraphy apparatus on board--

(a) (i) aircraft other than public transport aircraft, and

(ii) public transport aircraft when such aircraft are being flown solely for the purpose of giving instruction in flying to persons carried therein ;

(b) any public transport aircraft when under the supervision of a person who is the holder of a flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence,

and may, in addition, exercise the privileges of a flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general).

(4) Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence.

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelegraphy or radiotelephony apparatus on board any aircraft.

Endorsement of radiotelephony qualification on a pilot's licence.

56.--(1) The Minister may, by endorsement on a current pilot's licence granted by him, authorise the holder thereof to operate radiotelephony apparatus in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Article.

(2) Every applicant for the grant of the endorsement referred to in this Article shall--

(a) furnish a certificate of proficiency issued by the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs, to the effect that he has passed an examination and tests in accordance with the technical requirements appropriate to the grant of a flight radiotelephony operator's licence (restricted) as set out in Schedule IV to this Order ; or

(b) establish to the satisfaction of the Minister for Transport and Power that he possesses the required knowledge and skill.

(3) Provided that he has familiarised himself with all pertinent and current information regarding the type or types of radio equipment to be used and the operating procedures to be followed, the holder of a pilot's licence endorsed in accordance with this Article may exercise the privileges of the flight radiotelephony operator's licence (restricted) as set out in paragraph (1) of Article 55 of this Order.

(4) The endorsement referred to in this Article shall remain valid during the validity period of the licence and may be renewed if the Minister is satisfied that the holder of the licence has maintained his competence to operate radiotelephony apparatus in accordance with the provisions of the endorsement.

(5) Articles 23, 24, 25, 26 and 28 of this Order shall apply to every endorsement under this Article in the same manner as they apply to a licence.

PART VII AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS' LICENCES

Age limit.

57.--Applicants for the grant of aircraft maintenance engineers' licences shall be not less than 21 years of age at the date of application.

Categories of licences.

58.--An aircraft maintenance engineer's licence may be granted in any one or more of the categories specified in Article 61 of this Order.

Technical requirements.

59.--(1) Every applicant for the grant of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall, to the satisfaction of the Minister, pass examinations and tests and produce evidence of experience in accordance with the requirements of knowledge and experience set out in Part I of Schedule V to this Order as appropriate to the category or categories in which the licence is sought.

(2) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 10 of this Order, every applicant for the renewal of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall meet the requirements of Part II of Schedule V to this Order.

(3) Evidence of experience shall be in the form of such documents, licences or certificates as may be required or approved by the Minister.

Endorsement of rating on licence.

60.--(1) Every aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall, at the time of the grant thereof, be endorsed with a rating for the particular class or classes or the particular type or types of aircraft or engines or the particular instruments or equipment in respect of which the holder of such licence may exercise the privileges, appropriate to the category or categories in which such licence has been granted, set out in Article 61 of this Order.

(2) The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence who makes application for an additional rating in any category shall meet the requirements set out in Schedule V to this Order as appropriate to the grant of an additional rating in such category.

Privileges and limitations.

61.--(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (4) of Article 16 of this Order, the privileges of the holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence granted by the Minister under this Order, shall be as set out in this Article.

(2) Provided that he has familiarised himself with all pertinent and current information regarding the maintenance of airworthiness of the particular type of aircraft, engine, instrument or equipment in respect of which he is certifying, the holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence may, in respect of the aircraft or engines or instruments or equipment, as the case may be, specified in the rating endorsed on his licence, certify such of the following documents relating to matters requiring certification by or under the Air Navigation (Airworthiness of Aircraft) Order, 1964, as are shown hereunder to be appropriate for certification in relation to the particular category or categories in which his licence has been granted :--

Category A--Aircraft (excluding engines)--

(i) maintenance release ;

(ii) certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, approved replacements, approved minor repairs and approved minor modifications ;

(iii) certificate as to fitness for flight of an aircraft.

In this Category "aircraft" includes such instruments, component parts, accessories and equipment as may be prescribed.

Category B--Aircraft (excluding engines)--

certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, approved overhauls, approved repairs, approved replacements and approved modifications (excluding any certification appropriate to a Category X licence).

Category C--Engines (other than those installed in rotorcraft)--

(i) maintenance release ;

(ii) certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, approved replacements, approved minor repairs and approved minor modifications : provided that as regards the certification of the embodiment of approved modifications and the replacement of approved component parts that--

(a) in the case of piston engines, the work has not involved dismantling the engine other than to obtain access to the pistons, cylinders and valve-operating gear ;

(b) in the case of turbine engines, the extent of replacement permitted to be certified shall be such as the Minister may approve ;

(iii) certificate as to fitness for flight of engines installed in an aircraft.

In this Category "engines" includes such instruments, component parts, accessories and equipment as may be prescribed.

Category D--Engines--

certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, approved overhauls, approved repairs, approved replacements and approved modifications.

Category A and C--Rotorcraft (including installed engines)--

(i) maintenance release ;

(ii) certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, approved replacements, approved minor repairs and approved minor modifications ;

(iii) certificate as to fitness for flight of a rotorcraft.

In this category "rotorcraft" includes such instruments, component parts, accessories and equipment as may be prescribed.

Category X--Compasses--

certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, adjustment, compensation and approved replacement.

Category X--Automatic Pilots, or

Category X--Electrical Equipment, or

Category X--Ignition Equipment, or

Category X--Instruments, or

Category X--Variable Pitch Propellors--

(i) maintenance release ;

(ii) certificate of compliance in respect of overhauls carried out by the licence holder as a member of and with the authority of an organisation approved under paragraph (4) of Article 8 of this Order ;

(iii) certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, approved repairs, approved replacements and approved modifications.

Category X--Radio--

(i) maintenance release ;

(ii) certificate of compliance in respect of inspections, approved repairs, approved replacements and approved modifications.

(3) In this Article "approved" means approved by the Minister or by the Airworthiness Authority of the state of manufacture of the aircraft, engine, component parts, accessories, or equipment as the case may be.

SCHEDULE I

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

PART I

STUDENT PILOT

The requirements for a student pilot's licence to fly aeroplanes or helicopters shall be as follows :--

1. Knowledge.

The applicant shall produce a certificate, signed and dated by a duly authorised instructor, that he has satisfied such instructor that he has an adequate knowledge of the rules of the air and the local control procedure.

2 Experience.

The applicant shall produce a certificate, signed and dated by a duly authorised instructor, that he has completed satisfactorily a course of dual flight instruction and is, in the opinion of such instructor, competent to undertake solo flight in an aircraft of the category to be flown.

3. Certification.

The certificates required under the preceding paragraphs shall be written in ink in the pilot's log book and shall be signed and dated by the instructor whom the applicant has satisfied as to his knowledge and experience respectively.

PART II

PRIVATE PILOT

The requirements for a private pilot's licence to fly aeroplanes or helicopters shall be respectively as follows :--

1. Knowledge (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in--

(a) the rules and regulations relevant to the operation of private aircraft including air traffic services practices and procedures ;

(b) the practical aspects of cross-country flight and where necessary flight in terminal areas, including--

(i) the application of elementary air navigation ;

(ii) the use of navigation instruments and aeronautical charts ;

(iii) the use of meteorological information ;

(c) theory of flight and aircraft operating limitations, and the nature and possible consequences of the stall with particular reference to the aircraft for which the licence is sought ;

(d) safety practices and in-flight emergency procedures.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall to such extent as may be appropriate have particular reference to the category and class or type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

(1) For licence to fly aeroplanes.

The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in aeroplanes not less than--

(a) 40 hours of combined dual instruction time and solo flight time, or not less than 30 hours if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training, provided that--

(i) if the application for a licence relates to an aeroplane of an unconventional type, the foregoing requirements may be varied in accordance with the degree of skill and experience deemed by the Minister to be necessary in the particular case ;

(ii) if the applicant is the holder of a licence to fly helicopters or gliders or has had satisfactory experience as pilot of helicopters, the foregoing requirements may be reduced to such extent as the Minister may in the particular case deem appropriate ;

(iii) if the applicant, not being the holder of a licence to fly gliders, is the holder of a glider pilot qualification approved by the Minister, he may be allowed to credit up to a maximum of 7 hours flying experience acquired by him as pilot in command of a glider flown as a private aircraft towards the total experience requirement of 40 hours (or 30 hours) specified in this subparagraph.

(b) the total flight time specified in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph shall include not less than 15 hours as pilot in command of aeroplanes of which at least 3 hours shall have been cross-country solo flight time performed within the six months immediately preceding the date of the application and shall have included one flight on a triangular course during which the aircraft landed and came to rest at two intermediate places, one being not less than 50 nautical miles from the aerodrome of departure. A detailed log of the flight or flights comprising the three hours of cross-country flight time shall be kept in such form as the Minister may require and shall be furnished with the application for the licence.

(2) For licence to fly helicopters.

The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in helicopters not less than--

(a) 40 hours of combined dual instruction flight time and solo flight time, or not less than 30 hours if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training for helicopters ; provided that if the applicant is the holder of a licence to fly aeroplanes or has had satisfactory experience as pilot of aeroplanes these requirements may be reduced to such extent as the Minister may in the particular case deem appropriate ;

(b) the total flight time specified in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph shall include not less than 10 hours as pilot in command of helicopters of which at least 3 hours shall have been cross-country solo flight performed within the six months immediately preceding the date of the application and shall have included one flight during which the helicopter landed at a point not less than 25 nautical miles from the point of departure. A detailed log of the flight or flights, comprising the 3 hours of cross-country flight time, shall be kept in such form as may be required by the Minister and shall be furnished with the application for the licence.

3. Skill (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister, by undergoing such tests as may be prescribed from time to time, his familiarity with, and his ability to perform, both normal and emergency flight manoeuvres appropriate to the category and class and, if necessary, the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

4. Night Rating.

(1) For Aeroplanes.

The applicant for a night rating appropriate to aeroplanes shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in aeroplanes not less than 50 hours of combined dual instruction time and solo flight time, including--

(a) not less than 25 hours as pilot in command ;

(b) not less than 5 hours instrument flight instruction, of which not more than 2 ½ hours may have been instrument ground time ;

(c) not less than 5 hours of night flight, including at least 5 flights as pilot in command, performed to the satisfaction of a duly authorised instructor within the six months immediately preceding the date of application.

(2) For Helicopters.

The applicant for a night rating appropriate to helicopters shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in helicopters not less than 50 hours of combined dual instruction time and solo flight time, including--

(a) not less than 25 hours as pilot in command ;

(b) not less than 5 hours instrument flight instruction, of which not more than 2 ½ hours may have been instrument ground time ;

5. Additional Ratings (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

An applicant for an additional aircraft rating shall be required to satisfy the Minister as to his competence to fly aircraft of the category, class or type for which the additional rating is sought, and shall for this purpose comply with such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed from time to time.

6. Renewal of Licence (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

(1) The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had, during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than five hours flight time as pilot in command of aircraft of each category in respect of which renewal is sought, or ten hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot in command flight time : provided that if the applicant is the holder of a licence to fly gliders or is the holder of any glider pilot qualification approved by the Minister, he may be allowed to credit up to a maximum of 2 hours flying experience acquired by him during the said period as pilot in command of a glider towards the experience requirements for the renewal of a licence to fly aeroplanes.

(2) The applicant will also be required to satisfy the Minister that he has maintained his competence to fly aircraft of the category, class or type specified in the aircraft rating on his licence.

7. Renewal of Night Rating (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

The applicant shall have made as pilot, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 5 flights by night in aircraft of each category in respect of which the renewal is sought.

PART III

COMMERCIAL PILOT

The requirements for a commercial pilot's licence to fly aeroplanes or helicopters shall be respectively as follows :--

1. Knowledge (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in--

(a) the rules and regulations relevant to the operation of aircraft, including air traffic services practices and procedures ;

(b) the practical aspects of cross-country flight and, where necessary, flight in terminal areas, including--

(i) practical air navigation, including radio navigation where applicable ;

(ii) the use of navigation instruments and aeronautical charts ;

(iii) elementary aeronautical meteorology, including interpretation of weather charts and meteorological reports ;

(d) safety practices and in-flight emergency procedures ;

(e) aircraft equipment and installations ;

(f) the general aspects of airframe and power-plant maintenance.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall, as regards the subjects specified in clauses (c), (d), (e) and (f) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph and to such other extent as may be appropriate have particular references to the category, class and type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

For licence to fly aeroplanes ;

(1) Subject to subparagraphs (3) and (4) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in aeroplanes a total of not less than 200 hours of flight time of which not less than 100 hours shall have been as pilot in command.

The total flight time shall include--

(a) adequate flying training under a duly authorised instructor in a dual controlled aeroplane, of which not less than 10 hours must have been instruction in instrument flying ;

(b) 20 hours cross-country flight time as pilot in command including one flight of not less then 300 nautical miles in the course of which the aircraft landed and came to rest at two intermediate points ;

(c) 10 hours night flight either wholly as pilot in command or as a combination of time as pilot in command and dual instruction time, provided that not less than 5 hours shall have been time as pilot in command ;

(d) not less than 10 take-offs and 10 landings by night as pilot in command and as sole manipulator of the controls ;

(e) 10 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 5 hours may have been instrument ground time ;

(f) not less than 10 hours flight time as pilot in command during the 6 months immediately preceding the date of the application.

(2) For the purpose of calculating the total of 200 hours of flight time specified in sub-paragraph (1) or the 150 hours specified in subparagraph (3) of this paragraph, the applicant may be credited--

(a) in full with flight time as pilot in command ;

(b) in full with flying experience as pilot under a duly authorised instructor ;

(c) in full with any time (excluding time credited under (a) of this subparagraph) during which he is giving flight instruction, provided that his licence includes an appropriate flight instructor rating granted or validated by the Minister.

(d) with one-half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot, provided that the total amount of flight time so credited shall not exceed 50 hours.

(3) An applicant who has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training in the piloting of aeroplanes may have the total requirement of 200 hours flight time reduced to 150 hours.

(4) If the applicant--

(a) is the holder of a licence to fly gliders or helicopters or of a glider pilot qualification approved by the Minister ;

(b) is not such a holder as mentioned in (a) of this subparagraph but has had satisfactory experience as pilot of helicopters or gliders,

the Minister may to such extent as he may deem appropriate in any particular case allow the applicant to credit towards the total of 200 hours flight time specified in subparagraph (1) or the 150 hours specified in subparagraph (3) of this paragraph flying experience as pilot thus acquired by the applicant.

For licence to fly helicopters ;

(5) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (7) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in helicopters a total of not less than 100 hours of flight time which shall include--

(a) adequate flying training under a duly authorised instructor ;

(b) 35 hours flight time as pilot in command ;

(d) 10 hours flight time as pilot in command within the 6 months immediately preceding the date of application for the licence.

Provided that if the applicant is the holder of a licence to fly aeroplanes or has had satisfactory experience as pilot of aeroplanes the requirements at (b), (c) and (d) of this sub-paragraph may be reduced to such extent as the Minister may in the particular case deem appropriate.

(6) For the purpose of calculating the total of 100 hours of flight time specified in sub-paragraph (5) of this paragraph or the 75 hours specified in sub-paragraph (7) of this paragraph, the applicant may be credited--

(a) in full with flight time as pilot in command ;

(b) in full with flying experience as pilot under a duly authorised instructor ;

(c) in full with any time (excluding time credited under (a) of this subparagraph) during which he is giving flight instruction in helicopters, provided his licence includes an appropriate flight instructor rating granted or validated by the Minister ;

(d) with one-half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of a helicopter required to be operated with a co-pilot, provided that the total amount of flight time so credited shall not exceed 25 hours.

(7) An applicant who has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training in the piloting of helicopters may have the total requirement of 100 hours flight time reduced to 75 hours.

3. Skill (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister, by undergoing such flying tests as may be prescribed, his ability to perform in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly and with a degree of competence appropriate to a commercial pilot, both normal and emergency flight manoeuvres appropriate to the category, class and type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

4. Additional Ratings (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

An applicant for an additional aircraft rating shall be required to satisfy the Minister as to his competence to fly aircraft of the category, class or type for which the additional rating is sought in the capacity (pilot in command or copilot) in which he wishes to fly and shall for this purpose comply with such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed.

5. Renewal of Licence.

(1) Aeroplanes.

An applicant for renewal of a licence to fly aeroplanes shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had in aeroplanes, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 10 hours as pilot in command or 20 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot in command flight time. He will also be required to satisfy the Minister that he has maintained his competence to fly aeroplanes of the class and type specified in the aircraft rating on his licence in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such aeroplanes.

(2) Helicopters.

The applicant for renewal of a licence to fly helicopters shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had in helicopters, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 6 hours as pilot in command or 12 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot in command flight time. He will also be required to satisfy the Minister that he has maintained his competence to fly each type of helicopter specified in the aircraft rating on his licence in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such helicopter.

PART IV

SENIOR COMMERCIAL PILOT

The requirements for a senior commercial pilot's licence to fly aeroplanes shall be as follows :--

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in--

(a) the rules and regulations relevant to the operation of aircraft, including air traffic services, practices and procedures ;

(b) the basic principles of air navigation ;

(d) radio communication procedures as applied to aircraft operation ;

(e) safety practices and in-flight emergency procedures ;

(f) theory of flight and aeroplane operating limitations ;

(g) aeroplane equipment and installations ;

(h) the general aspects of airframe (aeroplane) and power-plant maintenance ;

and in any other knowledge required for the instrument rating.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall, as regards the subjects specified in clauses (e), (f), (g) and (h) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph and to such other extent as may be appropriate, have particular reference to the category, class and type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

(1) Subject to subparagraph (7) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in aeroplanes a total of not less than 700 hours of flight time of which not less than 200 hours shall have been either wholly as pilot in command or a combination of flight time as pilot in command and flight Lime credited in accordance with subparagraph (4) of this paragraph.

(2) The total of 200 hours specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph shall include--

(a) at least 50 hours cross-country flight time ;

(b) at least 25 hours of flight by night, including--

(i) at least 10 hours of cross-country flight, and

(ii) at least ten take-offs and ten landings ;

In lieu of the 10 hours cross-country flight by night specified in clause (b) (i) of this subparagraph the applicant may have had ten hours of cross-country instrument flight time, which shall have been additional to the instrument time specified in subparagraph (3) of this paragraph.

(3) The applicant shall have completed--

(a) not less than 40 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 20 hours may have been instrument ground time, or,

(b) if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training, not less than 30 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 10 hours may have been instrument ground time.

(4) For the purpose of calculating the 200 hours flight time specified in sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph, the applicant may be credited with one half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot performing under the supervision of a pilot in command the duties and functions of a pilot in command, provided that--

(a) such flight time shall have been acquired on an aeroplane required to be operated with a co-pilot ;

(b) the supervision by the pilot in command shall be in accordance with a method acceptable to the Minister ;

(c) such flight time shall be recorded and certified in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4 of Schedule VI to this Order ;

(d) the total amount of such flight time so credited shall not exceed 100 hours.

(5) For the purpose of calculating the total of 700 hours flight time specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, the applicant may be credited--

(a) in full with flight time as pilot in command (excluding any flight time credited in accordance with sub-paragraph (4) of this paragraph) ;

(b) in full with flying experience as pilot under a duly authorised instructor ;

(c) with one-half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of an aeroplane required to be operated with a co-pilot provided that any such time when he was not exercising the full privileges of a co-pilot appropriate to the class of licence which he holds may only be credited at such lesser rate as the Minister may deem fit in the particular case or cases.

(6) The total of 700 hours flight time specified in sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph shall include such flying experience in the type or types of aeroplane to which the application relates as is considered reasonable by or on behalf of the Minister.

(7) If the applicant--

(a) is the holder of a licence to fly gliders or helicopters or of a glider pilot qualification approved by the Minister ;

(b) is not such a holder as mentioned in (a) of this subparagraph, but has had satisfactory experience as pilot of helicopters or gliders,

the Minister may to such extent as he may deem appropriate in any particular case allow the applicant to credit towards the total of 700 hours flight time specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph flying experience thus acquired by the applicant as pilot.

3. Skill.

The applicant may be required to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister by undergoing such flying tests, including instrument flying tests as may be prescribed, his ability to perform, in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly, both normal and emergency flight manoeuvres appropriate to the category, class and type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

4. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional class or type rating shall be required to satisfy the Minister as to his competence to fly the class or type (as the case may be) of aeroplane for which the additional rating is sought in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly and shall for this purpose comply with such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed.

5. Renewal of Licence.

(1) The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had in aeroplanes, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 12 hours as pilot in command or 24 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot reckoning 2 hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to 1 hour pilot in command flight time. He will also be required to satisfy the Minister that he has maintained his competence to fly aeroplanes of the class and type specified in the aircraft rating on his licence in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such aeroplanes.

(2) If his instrument rating-aeroplanes is not current, the applicant shall meet the requirements specified in paragraph 4 of Part VII of this Schedule.

PART V

AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT

The requirements for an airline transport pilot's licence to fly aeroplanes or helicopters shall be respectively as follows :

1. Knowledge (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in--

(a) the rules and regulations relevant to the operation of aircraft including air traffic services practices and procedures ;

(b) the basic principles of air navigation ;

(d) radio communication procedures as applied to aircraft operation ;

(e) safety practices and in-flight emergency procedures ;

(f) theory of flight and aircraft operating limitations ;

(g) aircraft equipment and installations ;

(h) the general aspects of airframe and power-plant maintenance ;

and in any other knowledge required for the instrument rating.

2. Experience.

For licence to fly Aeroplanes.

(1) Subject to subparagraph (7) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot in aeroplanes a total of not less than 1,200 hours of flight time, of which--

(a) not less than 250 hours shall have been either wholly as pilot in command or a combination of flight time as pilot in command and flight time credited in accordance with subparagraph (4) of this paragraph, and shall include--

(i) at least 100 hours of cross-country flight time ;

(ii) at least 25 hours of cross-country night flight ;

(iii) at least 10 hours flight time during the six months immediately preceding the date of the application ;

(b) not less than 100 hours shall have been night flight as pilot in command or as co-pilot ;

(c) not less than 200 hours shall have been cross-country flight time as co-pilot of an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot.

(2) The applicant shall have completed not less than 75 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 25 hours may have been instrument ground time.

(3) An applicant who has satisfactorily completed in aeroplanes not less than 200 hours cross-country flight time as pilot in command may be exempted from the requirement specified in clause (c) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph.

(4) For the purpose of calculating the 250 hours flight time specified in clause (a) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, the applicant may be credited with one half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot performing under the supervision of a pilot in command the duties and functions of a pilot in command, provided that--

(a) such flight time shall have been acquired on aeroplanes required to be operated with a co-pilot;

(b) the supervision of the pilot in command shall be in accordance with a method acceptable to the Minister ;

(c) such flight time shall be recorded and certified in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4 of Schedule VI to this Order ;

(d) the total amount of such flight time so credited shall not exceed 150 hours.

(5) For the purpose of calculating the total of 1,200 hours flight time specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, the applican may be credited--

(a) in full with flight time as pilot in command (excluding any flight time credited in accordance with subparagraph (4) of this paragraph) ;

(b) in full with flying experience as pilot under a duly authorised instructor ;

(c) with one-half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of aeroplanes required to be operated with a co-pilot : Provided that any such time when he was not exercising the full privileges of a co-pilot appropriate to the class of licence which he holds may only be credited at such lesser rate as the Minister may deem fit in the particular case or cases.

(6) The total of 1,200 hours flight time specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph shall include such flying experience in the type or types of aeroplane to which the application relates as is considered reasonable by the Minister.

(7) If the applicant--

(a) is the holder of a licence to fly gliders or helicopters or of a glider pilot qualification approved by the Minister ;

(b) is not such a holder as mentioned in (a) of this subparagraph, but has had satisfactory experience as pilot of helicopters or gliders,

the Minister may, to such extent as he may deem appropriate in any particular case, allow the applicant to credit towards the total of 1,200 hours flight time specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph flying experience as pilot thus acquired by the applicant.

For licence to fly helicopters.

(8) The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed--

(a) not less than 200 hours flight time as pilot in command in helicopters and, in addition,

(b) not less than 1,000 hours of flight time as pilot in aeroplanes and helicopters : Provided that if the applicant has acquired his flight experience wholly or principally on helicopters the Minister may in any particular case reduce this requirement to such extent as he deems appropriate upon his being satisfied that the applicant has had experience of equivalent value to the aforesaid 1,000 hours.

(9) For the purpose of calculating the total of 1,000 hours flight time specified in clause (b) of subparagraph (8) of this paragraph the applicant may be credited--

(a) in full with flight time as pilot in command ;

(b) in full with flying experience as pilot under a duly authorised instructor ;

(c) with one-half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of a helicopter required to be operated with a co-pilot.

(10) The applicant's flying experience shall include such experience in flying the type or types of helicopter to which the application relates as is considered reasonable by the Minister.

3. Skill (Aeroplanes and Helicopters).

The applicant may be required to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister by undergoing such tests, including instrument flying tests, as may be prescribed, his ability to perform, in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly, both normal and emergency flight manoeuvres appropriate to the category, class and type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

4. Additional Ratings (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

An applicant for an additional aircraft rating shall be required to satisfy the Minister as to his competence to fly aircraft of the category, class or type for which the additional rating is sought in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly and shall for this purpose comply with such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed.

5. Renewal of Licence (Aeroplanes or Helicopters).

(1) The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had, in aircraft of the category for which renewal is sought, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 15 hours (10 hours in the case of an applicant for renewal of a licence to fly helicopters) as pilot in command or 30 hours (20 hours in the case of an applicant for renewal of a licence to fly helicopters) as co-pilot or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning 2 hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to 1 hour pilot in command flight time. He will also be required to satisfy the Minister that he has maintained his competence to fly aircraft of the category, class and type specified in the aircraft rating on his licence in the capacity (pilot in command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such aircraft.

(2) If his instrument rating--aeroplanes is not current the applicant shall meet the requirements specified in paragraph 4 of Part VII of this Schedule.

PART VI

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RATING

The requirements for a flight instructor rating shall be as follows :--

1. Qualification. The applicant shall be the holder of a current private, commercial, senior commercial or airline transport pilot's licence, rated for the category and class or type of aircraft for which the flight instructor rating is sought.

2. Knowledge. The applicant shall pass an oral examination on flight instruction in accordance with a syllabus approved by the Minister.

3. Experience.

(1) Class I--

(a) The applicant shall have completed a total of not less than 400 hours of flight time as pilot in command of aircraft of the category for which the flight instructor rating is sought, or 300 hours if he has passed a recognised course of flight instruction, of which total at least 30 hours shall have been as pilot in command on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought.

(b) The applicant shall be required to produce evidence of recent experience satisfactory to the Minister--

(i) as pilot on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought, and

(ii) in the capacity of flight instructor.

(c) The applicant may, at the discretion of the Minister, be required to undergo satisfactorily a course of approved training in flight instruction.

(2) Class II--

(a) The applicant shall have completed a total of not less than 100 hours of flight time as pilot in command of aircraft of the category for which the flight instructor rating is sought, of which total at least 30 hours shall have been as pilot in command on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought.

(b) The applicant shall be required to produce evidence of recent experience, satisfactory to the Minister, on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought.

(c) The applicant may, at the discretion of the Minister, be required to undergo satisfactorily a course of approved training in flight instruction.

4. Skill.

The applicant shall undergo flying tests, with an official examiner on board, for the purpose of demonstrating his capacity and general suitability as a flight instructor. Flying tests may be prescribed.

5. Extension of Rating.

An applicant for a flight instructor rating to cover an additional type of aircraft shall have completed at least 30 hours as pilot in command on that type, provided that this requirement may be modified to such extent as the Minister may determine having regard to the applicant's general experience, qualifications and competency. The applicant shall be required to produce evidence of satisfactory recent experience on the additional type and may, at the discretion of the Minister, be required to undergo flying tests in accordance with paragraph 4 of this Part.

6. Renewal of Rating.

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has, within the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, completed in the aggregate not less than three hours as flight instructor on a type or types of aircraft specified in the flight instructor rating on his licence, or alternatively shall meet the requirements for the grant of such rating. An applicant who has completed not less than three hours as flight instructor within the preceding twelve months may, nevertheless, at the discretion of the Minister be required to undergo a flying test with an official examiner on board, for the purpose of demonstrating that he has maintained his competence as a flight instructor.

PART VII

INSTRUMENT RATING

Instrument Rating--Aeroplanes

The requirements for the grant of an instrument rating--aeroplanes shall be as follows :--

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in--

(a) practical air navigation including the use of aeronautical charts, navigation by dead-reckoning and by radio, and the use and adjustment of flight instruments ;

(b) radio systems provided to aid navigation, including instrument approach to land systems, the manner in which such systems are used in flight under IFR, the procedures associated therewith and the assessment of the reliability under operational conditions of the indications obtained from such radio aids ;

(c) aeronautical meteorology ; elementary principles of forecasting, and the arrangements and procedures for the issue of aviation meteorological reports ;

(d) IFR and flight planning in relation to air traffic control services, aeroplane performance and forecasted meteorological conditions including the estimation of time of arrival at points along a route, the fuel quantities required for flight and the anticipation of flight plan modification which may prove necessary owing to changes in flight conditions.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

2. Experience.

The applicant shall--

(a) be a pilot licensed to fly aeroplanes ;

(b) have completed--

(i) not less than 150 hours of flight time as pilot in command of aeroplanes, including not less than 50 hours of cross-country flight time by day ; and

(ii) not less than 40 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 20 hours may have been instrument ground time ; or

(iii) if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training, not less than 30 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 10 hours may have been instrument ground time.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister by undergoing such instrument flying tests as may be prescribed his competence to fly aeroplanes solely by reference to instruments and in accordance with the instrument flight rules.

4. Renewal of Rating.

The applicant shall undergo the instrument flying tests specified in paragraph 3 of this Part.

5. Instrument Rating--Helicopters.

(1) An applicant for the grant of an Instrument Rating--Helicopters shall meet such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed from time to time.

(2) An applicant for the renewal of an Instrument Rating--Helicopters shall undergo such instrument flying tests as may be prescribed from time to time.

SCHEDULE II

FLIGHT NAVIGATOR

The requirements for a flight navigator's licence shall be as follows :--

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in--

(a) the rules and regulations governing civil aviation which are pertinent to the navigation of aircraft ;

(b) the form of the earth and the celestial sphere ;

(d) the calibration and use of instruments and aircraft equipment used in flight navigation ;

(e) the meteorological elements and their general distribution and seasonal variations.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

2. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed not less than 200 hours of air navigation experience in cross-country flying, of which not less than 50 hours shall have been flown during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for the licence, and including not less than 50 hours cross-country flight by night, provided that--

(a) if the applicant has passed a flight navigator's course of approved training the foregoing requirements may be reduced to such extent as the Minister may think fit or, if the Minister so agrees, be deemed to have been met ;

(b) if the applicant is the holder of a certificate of competency as master or mate of an ocean-going vessel, the requirement of 200 hours specified in this paragraph may be reduced to 100 hours, which shall include not less than 50 hours of cross-country flight by night ; and

(c) if the applicant has had experience as a pilot of public transport aircraft, one half of such experience up to a maximum of 100 hours may be reckoned towards the requirement of 200 hours specified in this paragraph but shall not be credited towards the 50 hours of cross-country flight by night.

(2) The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having satisfactorily determined in flight his position by celestial observations not less than 25 times by night and not less than 25 times by day in conjunction with radio, altimetry or other aids to air navigation and of having applied them to the navigation of the aircraft.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister by the performance of such flying tests as may be prescribed (including tests with an official examiner on board) his competence to navigate aircraft, by day and by night, by dead-reckoning, celestial and other navigational methods.

4. Renewal of licence.

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal he has, while acting in the capacity of navigator not undertaking any other duties on board the aircraft--

(i) completed not less than 30 hours cross-country flying, of which not less than 5 hours shall have been flown by night ;

(ii) made not less than two flights of six hours each and involving the use of celestial navigation ;

(iii) made at least 6 celestial observations by day and 6 celestial observations by night and applied the results of such observations to the navigation of the aircraft.

SCHEDULE III

FLIGHT ENGINEER

The requirements for a flight engineer's licence shall be as follows :--

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of a flight engineer ;

(b) the theory of flight and aerodynamics ;

(d) general knowledge of aircraft operation and maintenance and a detailed knowledge of the manual or manuals relating to the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought, or one of similar characteristics ;

(e) methods of effecting, in flight, minor repairs, adjustments and replacements ;

(f) aircraft performance with respect to speed limitations and the procedure to be followed in case of emergency, particularly in the event of fire in the air or power plant failure ;

(g) flight planning based on loading and performance charts, centre of gravity computations, fuel consumption and engine power curves. Control of power output and the mathematical calculations involved ;

(h) general knowledge of varying meteorological conditions and their effect on power plant operation ;

(i) types of fuel and oil and fuelling procedure ;

(j) the preparation of reports, illustrated by sketches, if necessary, describing the replacement or repair required in case of damage.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time, and shall, to such extent as may be appropriate, have particular reference to the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 50 hours experience in flight engineering duties on board an aircraft of the type for which the licence is sought, or one of similar characteristics, during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the course of a flying test with an official examiner on board in an aircraft of the type for which the licence is sought, or one of similar characteristics, his competence in the duties of a flight engineer, his practical knowledge of emergency procedures and his competence to take appropriate action in the event of any power plant failure, particularly during take-offs and landings.

4. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall meet the requirements of paragraph 2 of this Schedule, shall undergo a flying test in conformity with paragraph 3 of this Schedule and shall undergo an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 1 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

5. Renewal of Licence.

The applicant shall produce evidence that he has had, during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application, satisfactory operational experience as flight engineer on board each of the types of aircraft for which the renewal is sought, and shall satisfy the Minister that he is familiar with all current information concerning the operating procedures for such aircraft.

SCHEDULE IV

FLIGHT RADIO OPERATOR

The requirements for Flight Radio Operators' licences shall be as follows :--

1. Knowledge.

(1) Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence. (Restricted)--The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in--

(a) a practical knowledge of radiotelephone operation and procedure ;

(b) the sending correctly and receiving correctly of spoken messages by telephone apparatus ;

(c) the Radio Regulations annexed to the current International Telecommunications Convention applying to radiotelephone communications and specifically that part of those Regulations relating to the safety of life ;

(d) the current communication procedures for air navigation services issued by the International Civil Aviation Organisation insofar as they apply to radiotelephony.

(2) Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence. (General)--The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in--

(a) the elementary principles of radiotelephony ;

(b) detailed knowledge of the practical operation and adjustment of radiotelephone apparatus including visual pre-flight check of such apparatus ;

(d) the Radio Regulations annexed to the current International Telecommunications Convention applying to radiotelephone communications and specifically that part of those Regulations relating to the safety of life ;

(e) the current communication procedures for air navigation services issued by the International Civil Aviation Organisation insofar as they apply to radiotelephony.

(3) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Licence (Temporary) ; Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Licence--The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in--

(a) the general principles of electricity and the theory of radio ;

(b) the adjustment, maintenance and practical working of various types of radiotelegraph, radiotelephone and radio direction-finding apparatus, including accessory apparatus, used in the aeronautical mobile service ;

(d) the principles of operation of apparatus in general use in radio navigation ;

(e) the sending correctly, and receiving correctly by ear, in the Morse code, of messages in plain language at a speed of not less than 25 words per minute and in code groups at a speed of not less than 20 groups per minute ;

(f) the sending correctly and the receiving correctly of spoken messages by telephone apparatus ;

(g) the Radio Regulations annexed to the current International Telecommunications Convention applying to the exchange of radio communications and specifically that part of those regulations relating to the safety of life ;

(h) knowledge of the documents relating to the charges for radio communications ;

(i) the current communication procedures for air navigation services issued by the International Civil Aviation Organisation ;

(j) the principal air navigation routes and the most important telecommunication routes of the world.

2. Experience.

(1) Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence (Restricted) ; Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence (General)--The applicant shall not be required to furnish evidence of radio experience.

(2) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Licence (Temporary)--The applicant shall not be required to furnish evidence of radio experience.

(3) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Licence--The applicant shall furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had--

(a) (i) during the two years immediately preceding the date of application not less than one year's radiotelegraphy operating experience, of a character approved by the Minister, in the aeronautical or maritime mobile service. Not less than four months of such experience shall have been obtained during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application ; and

(ii) not less than 25 hours in the performance in flight of the duties of a temporary flight radiotelegraphy operator under the provisions of his temporary licence during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application ; or

(b) such other experience as the Minister may at his discretion accept as being of equivalent value to that specified in (a) of this subparagraph.

3. Renewal of Licence.

(1) Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence (Restricted); Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence (General)--

An applicant for renewal shall produce satisfactory evidence of having carried out radio communication, under the provisions of his licence, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal.

(2) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Licence (Temporary)--

An applicant for renewal may be required to pass all or any part of the examination and tests specified in sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 1 of this Schedule.

(3) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator's Licence--

An applicant for renewal shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has acted as flight radiotelegraphy operator in flight for an aggregate of not less than 25 hours during the 12 months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal.

SCHEDULE V

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER

PART I

The requirements for the grant of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall be as follows :--

CATEGORY A--Aircraft (excluding engines).

Aeroplanes.

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(d) the principles of construction, assembly, functioning, maintenance, functional testing and inspection of aircraft components, installations, systems and equipment, but excluding engines and installed radio equipment ;

(e) defect rectification ;

(f) the incorporation of minor modifications, replacements and repairs.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall, to such extent as may be appropriate, have particular reference to the type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years (one year in the case of airframes of aircraft the maximum total authorised weight of which is less than 12,500 lb.) recent practical experience on maintenance of airframes prior to flight on either--

(a) the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought, or

(b) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that, in case (b), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

(2) The period of 3 years specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph may, at the discretion of the Minister, be reduced if the applicant has undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister.

3. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall--

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical maintenance of airframes prior to flight of either--

(i) the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics and approximately the same maximum permissible gross weight,

provided that, in case (ii), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 1 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

4. Rotorcraft.

A licence in Category A will not be issued except in conjunction with a licence in Category C to cover the particular type of engine installed and except to an applicant who satisfies the requirements set out in paragraphs 16 and 17 of this Schedule.

5. Aircraft, other than Aeroplanes and Rotorcraft.

The applicant shall meet such requirements as to knowledge and experience as may be prescribed from time to time.

CATEGORY B--Aircraft (excluding engines).

6. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(d) the principles and methods of construction, assembly, functioning, repair, modification, overhaul, testing, approval and inspection of aircraft components, installations, systems and equipment, but excluding installed engines and installed radio equipment ;

(e) workshop processes associated with aircraft component fabrication ;

(f) knowledge of the physical testing and examination of materials ;

(g) weight and balance computations.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time, and shall, to such extent as may be appropriate, have particular reference to the type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

7. Experience.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have had--

(a) not less than 5 years' practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years' recent experience on practical overhaul or repair of airframes, of which not less than 12 months shall have been experience on either--

(i) the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought, or

(ii) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics and approximately the same maximum permissible gross weight,

provided that, in case (ii), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought ;

(b) not less than 2 years' (in addition to the 5 years specified in clause (a) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph) experience on inspection of the fabrication of materials into airframe parts and components, of which a satisfactory period shall have been on the inspection, physical testing, heat treatment and processes for the prevention of corrosion of aeronautical materials.

(2) The period of 5 years specified in clause (a) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph may at the discretion of the Minister be reduced if the applicant has undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister.

8. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall--

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical overhaul or repair of airframes of either--

(i) the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics and approximately the same maximum permissible gross weight,

provided that, in case (ii), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 6 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

CATEGORY C--Engines (other than those installed in rotorcraft).

9. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(d) maintenance, functional testing and methods of repair of aero-engines including components and accessories ;

(e) knowledge of the fuel, oil, coolant and ignition systems ;

(f) inspection of propellers ;

(g) inspection of power plant after installation, repair or modification ;

(h) defect rectification.

10. Experience.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have had not less than 3 years practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years (one year in the case of aero-engines of aircraft the maximum total authorised weight of which is less than 12,500 lb.) recent practical experience on maintenance of aero-engines prior to flight on either--

(a) the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought, or

(b) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics and approximately comparable horse power,

provided that, in case (b), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought.

(2) The period of 3 years specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph may at the discretion of the Minister be reduced if the applicant has undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister.

11. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall--

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical maintenance of aero-engines prior to flight of either--

(i) the type of aero-engine for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics and approximately comparable horse power,

provided that, in case (ii), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aero-engine for which the additional rating is sought ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 9 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

12. Engines installed in Rotorcraft.

A licence in Category C to cover an engine installed in a Rotorcraft will not be issued except in conjunction with a licence in Category A to cover the particular type of Rotorcraft in which the engine is installed and except to an applicant who satisfies the requirements set out in paragraphs 16 and 17 of this Schedule.

CATEGORY D--Engines.

13. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(d) the principles and methods of construction, assembly, functioning, repair, modification, overhaul, testing, inspection and approval of aero-engines including components, systems and accessories ;

(e) workshop processes associated with component fabrication ;

(f) knowledge of the physical testing and examination of materials.

14. Experience.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have had--

(a) not less than 5 years' practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years' recent experience on the practical overhaul or repair of aero-engines, of which not less than 12 months shall have been experience on either--

(i) the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought, or

(ii) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics and approximately comparable horse power,

provided that in case (ii) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought;

(b) not less than 2 years' (in addition to the 5 years specified in subparagraph (1) (a) of this paragraph) experience on inspection of the fabrication of materials into aero-engine parts and components, of which a satisfactory period shall have been on the inspection, physical testing, heat treatment and processes for the prevention of corrosion of aeronautical materials.

15. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall--

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical overhaul or repair of aero-engines of either--

(i) the type of aero-engine for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics and approximately comparable horse power,

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 13 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

CATEGORY A AND C--Rotorcraft (including installed engines).

16. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination which may include practical tests in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(d) principles of construction, assembly, functioning, maintenance, functional testing of rotorcraft components and engines, including components and accessories but excluding radio ;

(e) knowledge of fuel, oil, coolant and ignition equipment ;

(f) defect rectification ;

(g) inspection of rotors ;

(h) inspection of power plant after installation, repair and modification ;

(i) incorporation of minor modifications, replacements and repairs.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall to such extent as may be appropriate have particular reference to the type or types of rotorcraft for which the licence is sought.

17. Experience.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (2) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have not less than 3 years practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 18 months experience on practical maintenance of rotorcraft (including engines) of which not less than 12 months have been recent experience on either--

(a) the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought ;

(b) an aircraft of similar size, weight and construction and approximately the same maximum permissible gross weight,

provided that, in case (b), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

18. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall--

(a) have had satisfactory recent experience in the practical maintenance of rotorcraft (including engines) prior to flight, of either--

(i) the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought ;

(ii) an aircraft of a similar type in construction and approximately the same maximum permissible gross weight ;

provided that, in case (ii), the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister in the type of aircraft and aero-engine for which the licence is sought.

(b) pass an examination in such subjects specified in paragraph 16 of this Schedule as the Minister in the particular case may require.

CATEGORY X--Compasses.

19. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(c) the principles of construction of aircraft compasses and the methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the installation or replacement and compensation of compasses in aircraft.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time, and shall, to such extent as may be appropriate, have particular reference to the type of compass for which the licence is sought.

20. Experience.

(1) If the application relates to direct-reading magnetic compasses, the applicant shall have had not less than 6 months' recent practical experience in the installation or replacement and compensation of direct-reading magnetic compasses in aircraft.

(2) If the application relates to remote-reading compasses, the applicant shall have had, in addition to the experience specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, not less than 6 months' recent practical experience in the installation or replacement and compensation in aircraft of the type of remote-reading compass for which the licence is sought.

21. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for a rating to cover an additional type of remote-reading compass shall--

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had--

(i) not less than 3 months' recent practical experience on the installation or replacement and compensation of the type for which the additional rating is sought, and

(ii) adequate experience in the installation or replacement and compensation of compasses in aircraft, including practical experience during the 6 months immediately preceding the date of application for the additional rating ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 19 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

CATEGORY X--Ignition Equipment.

22. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(c) the principles of construction, and methods and procedures for inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing, of aircraft ignition equipment.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

23 Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 4 years' electrical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years' recent practical experience on the overhaul, repair, replacement, modification and testing of all types of aero-engine ignition apparatus.

CATEGORY X--Variable-Pitch Propellors.

24. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it relates to the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic ;

(c) the principles of construction, and methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing, of variable-pitch propellors and associated components ;

(d) workshop processes associated with component fabrication ;

(e) knowledge of the physical testing and examination of materials.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

25. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' recent practical experience on the overhaul, repair, replacement, modification and balancing of variable-pitch propellors, of which not less than 6 months shall have been on the overhaul, repair and replacement of the type for which the licence is sought.

26. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall--

(a) meet the requirements of paragraph 25 of this Schedule ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 24 of this Schedule as the Minister in a particular case may require.

CATEGORY X--Instruments.

27. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(c) the principles of operation, construction, and methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and testing, of aircraft instruments (including aero-engine instruments) and associated equipment ;

(d) knowledge of materials used in the construction of instruments in aircraft (including aero-engine instruments).

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

28. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical instrument engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' recent practical experience in the overhaul, repair, calibration and installation in aircraft of all types of physically and mechanically operated aircraft and aero-engine instruments.

(2) If the licence is to include a rating for electrically operated instruments, the applicant shall, in addition to having the experience specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, either--

(a) be the holder of a current licence in Category X--Electrical Equipment and have had not less than 6 months' recent practical experience in the overhaul, repair, replacement and modification of electrically operated aircraft and aero-engine instruments, or

(b) have had not less than 1 year of recent practical experience on the overhaul, repair, replacement and modification of electrically operated aircraft and aero-engine instruments.

29. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating to cover electrically operated instruments shall--

(a) meet the requirements specified in subparagraph (2) of paragraph 28 of this Schedule ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 27 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

CATEGORY X--Electrical Equipment.

The basic licence will cover all types of aircraft in which the nominal pressure of the main generated supply does not exceed 30 volts direct current.

30. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(d) the principles of construction, and methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing, of aircraft electrical equipment ;

(e) knowledge of materials used in the construction of electrical equipment in aircraft.

(2) The examination shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall, to such extent as may be appropriate, have particular reference to the type of electrical equipment installed in the type or types of aircraft for which a rating is sought.

31. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical aeronautical electrical engineering experience, of which not less than 1 year shall have been recent practical experience in the overhaul, repair, replacement and modification of aircraft electrical equipment, including 3 months' recent experience in the inspection and testing of electrical installations in aircraft.

(2) If the licence is to include a rating for a type of aircraft in which the nominal pressure of the main generated supply exceeds 30 volts direct current, the applicant shall meet the experience requirements in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph and shall have had as part thereof a minimum of one year's recent practical experience in the inspection and testing of electrical installations, including those incorporating electronic apparatus, in aircraft, 6 months of which must have been spent on such installations on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought, provided that the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister on electrical installations on the type of aircraft for which a rating is sought.

32. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating for a type of aircraft in which the nominal pressure of the main generated supply exceeds 30 volts direct current shall--

(a) meet the requirements of paragraph 31 of this Schedule ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 30 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

CATEGORY X--Automatic Pilots.

33. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(d) principle of construction and operation of automatic pilots and associated equipment ;

(e) methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing of automatic pilots and associated equipment, and associated workshop processes.

34. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical instrument engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' practical experience on the overhaul, repair, replacement, modification, calibration, installation and testing of automatic pilots, of which not less than 9 months shall have been recent experience on the type of automatic pilot for which the licence is sought.

35. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for a rating to cover an additional type of automatic pilot shall--

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had either--

(i) not less than six months' recent practical experience on the repair, modification, calibration, installation and testing of automatic pilots of the type for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) not less than three months' recent practical experience on the repair, modification, calibration, installation and testing of automatic pilots of the type for which the additional rating is sought and has undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 33 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

CATEGORY X--Radio.

36. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in--

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic and elementary physics ;

(c) the general principles of electricity and the theory of radio, including circuits and units, receivers and transmitters ; power supplies ; interference ; propagation and aerials ; intercommunication devices ;

(d) the principles of operation of navigational aids and the associated equipment in aircraft and on the ground ;

(e) the use of aircraft radio installation diagrams and appropriate instructional manuals ;

(f) methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repair, modification and functional testing of radio and associated apparatus.

37. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have not less than 3 years practical experience in the maintenance, repair, replacement, modification and installation of aircraft radio and associated equipment of which not less than one year shall have been recent experience on the type of aircraft radio equipment for which the licence is sought.

(2) If the licence is to include a rating for radar and pulsed hyperbolic systems, the applicant shall, in addition to having the experience specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, have not less than one year's recent experience in the maintenance, repair, replacement, modification and installation of such systems.

38. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating to cover radar and pulsed hyperbolic systems shall--

(a) meet the requirements of paragraph 37 of this Schedule ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 36 of this Schedule as the Minister may in the particular case require.

PART II

REQUIREMENTS FOR RENEWAL OF LICENCE

Every applicant for the renewal of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall satisfy the Minister that, in the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, he has had satisfactory experience in the exercise of the privileges of his licence. For the purpose of so satisfying the Minister, the applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of his experience in each of the categories in which he holds a rating.

SCHEDULE VI

LOGGING OF FLIGHT TIME

Entries in pilots' log books shall be made as follows :--

1. Each flight shall be entered separately, provided that, if a number of flights is carried out on the same day and the aircraft returns on each occasion to the same place of departure and the interval between successive flights does not exceed thirty minutes, the series of flights may be entered as a single flight commencing at the time of departure of the first flight and ending at the time of arrival of the last flight, the total flight time during the intervening period being entered as the total duration of such single flight.

2. Subject to the proviso in the preceding paragraph, the flight time of each flight shall be shown by entries giving the time of departure and the time of arrival in each case. Each entry shall indicate the type of aircraft flown and its nationality and registration marks.

3. A pilot who is the holder of an appropriate licence and who is pilot in command of the aircraft shall record as " pilot in command " flight time the actual period during which he acted in that capacity and shall not so record any other period.

4.--(1) A pilot who is the holder of an appropriate licence and who is acting under the pilot in command of the aircraft in the capacity of co-pilot shall record as " co-pilot " flight time--

(a) such portion of the total flight time during which he acted in that capacity as determined by the pilot in command ;

(b) the name of the pilot in command under whom he so acted.

(2) Flight time so recorded by a co-pilot performing under the supervision of a pilot in command the duties and functions of a pilot in command shall be certified by the pilot in command opposite the entry in the log book recording such " co-pilot " flight time.

5. A pilot who is the holder of an appropriate licence and who is undergoing a course of training or flying under supervision, and a pilot who is not the holder of an appropriate licence but who is flying in accordance with the provisions of Article 5 of this Order shall record--

(a) if he is in sole charge of the aircraft, the total flight time as " pilot in command " flight time in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Schedule ;

(b) if he is not in sole charge of the aircraft

(i) the actual period during the flight in which he was at the controls and engaged in piloting the aircraft, as determined and certified by the pilot in command ;

(ii) the entry " training flight ", " under supervision ", " pupil under instruction " or " official flying test ", as appropriate and as determined and certified by the pilot in command ;

(iii) the name of the pilot in command.

6. In this Schedule " appropriate licence " has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (11) of Article 5 of this Order.

SCHEDULE VII

MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS

General.

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Schedule, an applicant for the grant or renewal of a licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member of an aircraft shall meet the appropriate medical requirements set out herein, provided that--

(a) an applicant who fails to satisfy the appropriate medical requirements may, at the discretion of the Minister, be regarded as eligible for the grant or renewal of a licence if the licence is to be restricted to flight within the State. The grant or renewal of any licence to be so restricted may be made subject to such conditions and limitations as the Minister may consider appropriate in the particular case ;

(b) if an applicant for the renewal of a licence is for the time being on duty as a flight crew member of an aircraft in a region distant from the usual place of medical examination, the medical examination which he should normally pass for the renewal of the licence may exceptionally, at the discretion of the Minister--

(i) be deferred once for a period of six months in the case of a flight crew member of a private aircraft ; or

(ii) be deferred for two consecutive periods of three months each in the case of a flight crew member of a public transport or aerial work aircraft, on condition that the applicant obtains locally on each occasion a favourable medical certificate after having been examined by a qualified physician performing public medical functions in that region or experienced in the examination of aviation personnel or, if such is not available, by a physician legally qualified to practise.

2. Every applicant who presents himself for medical examination for the grant or renewal of a licence shall furnish to the medical examiner or medical board, as the case may be, a declaration signed by himself stating whether he has previously undergone such a medical examination, and if so, when and with what result. A false declaration may entail the cancellation of any licence granted or renewed as a result of the examination.

3. Where an applicant for the grant or renewal of a licence or for the inclusion in a licence or the renewal of a rating fails to satisfy the requirements, the licence or rating may nevertheless be granted, included or renewed, as the case may be, subject to the following conditions :

(a) that the medical report indicates that :

(i) the condition of the applicant is not such as to introduce any hazard either of sudden incapacity or of inability to perform his duties safely during the validity period of the licence, and

(ii) failure to attain the requirements is capable of being compensated ;

(b) that the Minister has satisfactory evidence that the applicant's already acquired and demonstrated ability, skill and experience compensates for his deficiency ;

(c) that the licence shall be endorsed with any special limitations when the safe performance of flight duties is dependent on compliance with such limitations.

Physical Requirements.

4. Physical Requirement No. 1--The medical examination and assessment shall be based on the following requirements of mental and physical fitness :

The applicant shall be required to be free from any active or latent, acute or chronic, physical disability that would entail any degree of functional incapacity which is likely to interfere with the safe handling of an aircraft at any altitude throughout a prolonged or difficult flight.

The medical examination shall include a full enquiry into the family and personal history of the applicant. The information obtained shall be given in a statement made and signed by him and shall be taken into consideration by the medical board.

Examination of the nervous system--The applicant shall have no history of significant mental or nervous trouble. He shall be required to be free from any mental impairment, or presumptive evidence of latent epilepsy. He shall be required to be free from any progressive disease of the nervous system and from any non-progressive disease of that system, the effects of which are likely to interfere with the safe handling of an aircraft. Cases of past or present insanity and cases in which syphilis, past or present, has affected the central nervous system shall be assessed as permanently unfit.

Injuries of the head--Cases of simple concussion, or simple fracture of the skull without associated intracranial injury shall be assessed as temporarily unfit until such time as the medical board is satisfied that the effects of the concussion or fracture are no longer likely to jeopardise safety in flight. If the period of incapacity exceeds one month, the licence shall, when renewed, be made valid only for a period of two months in the first instance. Thereafter its validity shall be restricted to consecutive periods of two months until the medical board reports that the after-effects of the concussion or fracture are no longer likely to cause a sudden incapacity in flight.

Cases of head injury associated with intracranial injuries shall be assessed as permanently unfit if a local lesion of the brain or meninges persists.

General surgical examination--The applicant shall neither suffer from any wound or injury, nor have undergone any operation nor possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which is considered by the medical board likely to interfere with the safe handling of an aircraft at any altitude throughout a prolonged or difficult flight. He shall be required to be completely free from hernia.

Locomotor System--Any active disease of the bones, joints, muscles or tendons and all serious functional sequelae of congenital or acquired disease shall be assessed as unfit. On issue or renewal of a licence, functional after-effects of lesion affecting the bones, joints, muscles or tendons and certain anatomical defects compatible with safe handling of aircraft at any altitude and throughout a prolonged or difficult flight may be assessed as fit.

Digestive tract--Any sequelae of disease or surgical intervention on any part of the digestive tract and its adnexae, liable to cause sudden incapacity in flight, in particular any obstructions due to stricture or compression, shall be assessed as unfit.

Thoracic cage--Any extensive mutilation of the chest wall with collapse of the thoracic cage and sequelae of surgical procedures resulting in decreased respiratory efficiency at altitude shall be assessed as unfit.

Urinary System--Any sequelae of disease or surgical procedures on the kidneys and the urinary tracts liable to cause sudden incapacity, in particular any obstructions due to stricture or compression, shall be assessed as unfit. Compensated nephrectomy without hypertension or uraemia may be assessed as fit.

An applicant who has undergone a major surgical operation on the biliary passages or the digestive tract or its adnexae or the urinary system, which has involved a total or partial excision or a diversion of any of these organs shall be assessed as unfit until such time as the medical board, having had access to the details of the operation concerned, considers that the effects of the operation are not liable to cause sudden incapacity in the air.

General Medical examination--The applicant shall not suffer from any disease or disability which renders him liable suddenly to become unable to handle aircraft safely.

The heart shall not possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which is likely to interfere with the safe handling of aircraft. Respiratory arrhythmia, occasional extra systoles which disappear on exercise, increase of pulse rate from excitement or exercise, or a slow pulse not associated with auriculoventricular dissociation may be regarded as coming within " normal " limits. Electrocardiography shall form part of the medical examination for the first issue of a licence and shall be included in re-examinations of candidates no less frequently than every five years up to the age of forty and thereafter no less frequently than every two years.

The systolic and diastolic blood pressures shall be within normal limits.

There shall be no significant functional or structural abnormality of the circulatory tree.

There shall be no acute disability of the lungs or any active disease of the structures of the lungs, mediastinum or pleura. Radiography shall form a part of the medical examination for the grant of a licence and thereafter at twelve-monthly intervals and also in all doubtful clinical cases.

Cases of pulmonary emphysema should be assessed as unfit only if the condition is causing symptoms.

Cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, duly diagnosed, shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of quiescent or healed lesions which are known to be tuberculous, or are presumably tuberculous, in origin, may be assessed as fit. Cases of doubt about the activity of a lesion, where symptoms of activity of the disease are lacking, clinically, shall be assessed as temporarily unfit for a period of not less than three months from the date of the medical examination. At the end of the three months' period, a further radiographic record shall be made and compared carefully with the original. If there is no sign of extension of the disease and there are no general symptoms or symptoms referable to the chest, the applicant may be assessed as fit but in these circumstances the licence shall be made valid only for a period of three months in the first instance. Thereafter, provided there continues to be no sign of extension of the disease as shown by radiographic examinations carried out at the end of each three months' period, the validity of the licence shall be restricted to consecutive periods of three months. When the applicant has been under observation under this scheme for a total period of at least two years and comparison of all the radiographic records shows no changes or only retrogression of the lesion, the lesion shall be regarded as " quiescent " or " healed ".

Cases of disabling disease with important impairment of function of the gastro-intestinal tract and its adnexae shall be assessed as unfit.

Cases of significant metabolic, nutritional or endocrine disorders shall be assessed as unfit. Proven cases of diabetes mellitus shall be assessed as unfit ; doubtful cases shall be assessed as unfit until the condition is proved to be non-diabetic.

Cases of severe and moderate enlargement of the spleen persistently below the costal margin shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of significant, localised and generalized enlargement of the lymphatic glands and of diseases of the blood shall be assessed as unfit ; those due to a transient condition should be assessed as only temporarily unfit.

Cases presenting any signs of organic disease of the kidney shall be assessed as unfit ; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit. The urine shall contain no abnormal element considered by the medical board to be pathological. Cases of affections of the urinary passages and of the genital organs shall be assessed as unfit ; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit.

An applicant for the first grant of a licence who has a personal history of syphilis shall be required to furnish evidence, satisfactory to the medical board, that he has undergone adequate treatment.

The cases of applicants of the female sex who have undergone gynaecological operations shall be considered individually. Applicants of the female sex who have a history of severe menstrual disturbances that have proved unamenable to treatment and that are likely to interfere with the safe handling of aircraft shall be assessed as unfit. In the event of presumed pregnancy the applicant shall be assessed as temporarily unfit. After confinement or miscarriage the applicant shall not be permitted to exercise the privileges of her licence until she has undergone a new medical examination and been assessed as fit.

Eye examination--The functions of the eye and its adnexae shall be normal. There shall be no active pathological condition, acute or chronic, of either eye or adnexae which is considered likely to interfere with its proper function to an extent that would jeopardise safety in flight.

Ear examination--There shall be--

(a) no active pathological process, acute or chronic, of the internal ear or middle ear cleft ;

(b) no unhealed (unclosed) perforation of the tympanic membranes, except that a single dry perforation of non-infectious origin need not render the applicant ineligible, provided that he meets the appropriate hearing requirements set out in this Schedule ;

(d) no permanent disturbances of the vestibular apparatus. Transient conditions may be assessed as temporarily unfit.

Nose, throat and mouth examination--There shall be free nasal air entry on both sides. There shall be no serious malformation nor serious, acute or chronic affection of the buccal cavity or upper respiratory tract. Defects of speech and stuttering shall be assessed as unfit.

5. Physical Requirement No. 2--The medical examination and assessment shall be based on the following requirements of mental and physical fitness--

The applicant shall be required to be free from such active or latent, acute or chronic physical disability as would entail a degree of functional incapacity which is likely to interfere with the safe performance of his duties at any altitude throughout a prolonged or difficult flight.

The medical examination shall include a full inquiry into the family and personal history of the applicant. The information obtained shall be given in a statement made and signed by him and shall be taken into consideration by the medical board.

Examination of the nervous system--The applicant shall have no history of significant mental or nervous trouble. He shall be required to be free from any mental impairment, or presumptive evidence of latent epilepsy. He shall be required to be free from any progressive disease of the nervous system and from any non-progressive disease of that system, the effects of which are likely to interfere with the safe performance of his duties. Cases of past or present insanity and cases in which syphilis, past or present, has affected the central nervous system shall be assessed as permanently unfit.

Injuries of the head--Cases of simple concussion or simple fracture of the skull without associated intracranial injury shall be assessed as temporarily unfit until such time as the medical board is satisfied that the effects of the concussion or fracture are no longer likely to jeopardise safety in flight. If the period of incapacity exceeds one month, the licence shall when renewed be made valid only for a period of two months in the first instance. Thereafter its validity shall be restricted to consecutive periods of two months until the medical board reports that the after-effects of the concussion or fracture are no longer likely to cause a sudden incapacity in flight.

Cases of head injury associated with intracranial injuries shall be assessed as permanently unfit if a local lesion of the brain or meninges persists.

Cases of head injury in which there has been an operation on the skull with loss of bony substance involving the two tables of the cranial vault shall be assessed as permanently unfit.

General surgical examination--The applicant shall neither suffer from any wound or injury, nor have undergone any operation, nor possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which is considered by the medical board likely to interfere with the safe performance of his duties at any altitude throughout a prolonged or difficult flight. He shall be required to be completely free from hernia.

Locomotor System--Any active disease of the bones, joints, muscles or tendons and all serious functional sequelae of congenital or acquired disease shall be assessed as unfit. On issue or renewal of a licence, functional after-effects of lesion affecting the bones, joints, muscles or tendons and certain anatomical defects compatible with the safe performance of his duties at any altitude and throughout a prolonged or difficult flight may be assessed as fit.

Urinary System--Any sequelae of disease or surgical procedures on the kidneys and the urinary tracts liable to cause sudden incapacity, in particular any obstructions, due to stricture or compression, shall be assessed as unfit. Compensated nephrectomy without hypertension or uraemia may be assessed as fit.

General medical examination--The applicant shall not suffer from any disease or disability which renders him liable suddenly to become unable to perform his duties safely. The heart shall not possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which is likely to interfere with safe performance of duties. Respiratory arrhythmia, occasional extra systoles which disappear on exercise, increase of pulse rate from excitement or exercise, or a slow pulse not associated with auriculoventricular dissociation may be regarded as coming within "normal" limits.

Electrocardiography shall form part of the heart examination for the first issue of a licence and in re-examinations in all doubtful cases.

The systolic and diastolic blood pressures shall be within normal limits.

There shall be no significant functional or structural abnormality of the circulatory tree.

Cases of pulmonary emphysema should be assessed as unfit only if the condition is causing symptoms.

Cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, duly diagnosed, shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of quiescent or healed lesions which are known to be tuberculous, or are presumbly tuberculous in origin, may be assessed as fit.

Cases of doubt about the activity of a lesion, where symptoms of activity of the disease are lacking clinically, shall be assessed as temporarily unfit for a period of not less than three months from the date of the medical examination. At the end of the three months' period, a further radiographic record shall be made and compared carefully with the original. If there is no sign of extension of the disease and there are no general symptoms or symptoms referable to the chest, the applicant may be assessed as fit, but in these circumstances the licence shall be made valid only for a period of three months in the first instance. Thereafter, provided there continues to be no sign of extension of the disease as shown by radiographic examination carried out at the end of each three months' period, the validity of the licence shall be restricted to consecutive periods of three months. When the applicant has been under observation under this scheme for a total period of at least two years and comparison of all the radiographic records shows no changes or only retrogression of the lesion, the lesion shall be regarded as "quiescent" or "healed".

Cases of disabling disease with important impairment of function of the gastrointestinal tract and its adnexae shall be assessed as unfit.

Cases of significant metabolic, nutritional or endocrine disorders shall be assessed as unfit. Proven cases of diabetes mellitus shall be assessed as unfit; doubtful cases shall be assessed as unfit until the condition is proven to be non-diabetic.

Cases of severe and moderate enlargement of the spleen persisently below the costal margin shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of significant, localised and generalized enlargement of the lymphatic glands and of diseases of the blood shall be assessed as unfit; those due to transient condition should be assessed as only temporarily unfit.

Cases presenting any signs of organic disease of the kidney shall be assessed as unfit; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit. The urine shall contain no abnormal element considered by the medical board to be pathological. Cases of affections of the urinary passages and of the genital organs shall be assessed as unfit; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit.

The cases of applicants of the female sex who have undergone gynaecological operations shall be considered individually. Applicants of the female sex who have a history of severe menstrual disturbances that have proved unamenable to treatment and that are likely to interfere with the safe performance of their duties shall be assessed as temporarily unfit. In the event of presumed pregnancy the applicant shall be assessed as temporarily unfit. After confinement or miscarriage the applicant shall not be permitted to exercise the privileges of her licence until she has undergone a new medical examination and been assessed as fit.

Eye Examination--The functions of the eye and its adnexae shall be normal. There shall be no active pathological condition, acute or chronic, of either eye or adnexae which is likely to interfere with its proper function to an extent that would jeopardize safety in flight.

Ear examination--There shall be--

(a) no active pathological process, acute or chronic, of the internal ear or middle ear cleft;

(b) no unhealed (unclosed) perforation of the tympanic membranes, except that a dry perforation need not render the applicant ineligible, provided that he meets the appropriate hearing requirements set out in this Schedule;

(d) no permanent disturbances of the vestibular apparatus. Transient conditions may be assessed as temporarily unfit.

Nose, throat and mouth examination--There shall be free nasal air entry on both sides. There shall be no serious malformation nor serious, acute or chronic affection of the buccal cavity or upper respiratory tract. Applicants suffering from a serious degree of stuttering shall be assessed as unfit.

6. Physical Requirement No. 3--The medical examination and assessment shall be based on the following requirements of mental and physical fitness:

The applicant shall be required to be free from any congenital or acquired disability causing such degree of functional incapacity as is considered likely to interfere with the safe handling of the aircraft under ordinary conditions.

Injuries of the head.

Cases of simple concussion or simple fracture of the skull without associated intracranial injury shall be assessed as temporarily unfit until such time as the medical examiner is satisfied that the effects of the concussion or fracture are no longer likely to jeopardise safety in flight.

Cases of head injury associated with intracranial injuries shall be assessed as permanently unfit if a local lesion of the brain or meninges persists.

Cases of head injury in which there has been an operation on the skull with loss of bony substance involving the two tables of the cranial vault shall be assessed as permanently unfit; cases repaired by plates ensuring present and future integrity of the central nervous system may be assessed as fit. The licence shall not be renewed until a period of one year has expired.

General surgical examination--The applicant shall neither suffer from any wound or injury, nor have undergone any operation, nor possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which is likely to interfere with the safe handling of an aircraft. He shall be required to be free from hernia. Cases in which the medical examiner is satified that a well-fitted truss will be worn may be assessed as fit.

Locomotor System--Any active disease of the bones, joints, muscles or tendons and all serious functional sequelae of congenital or acquired disease shall be assessed as unfit. Certain qualifying functional after-effects of lesion affecting the bones, joints, muscles or tendons and certain anatomical defects compatible with safe handling of aircraft in flight may be assessed as fit.

An applicant who has undergone a major surgical operation on the biliary passages or the digestive tract or its adnexae or the urinary system, which has involved a total or partial excision or a diversion of any of these organs shall be assessed as unfit until such time as the medical examiner, having had access to the details of the operation concerned, considers that the effects of the operation are not liable to cause sudden incapacity in the air.

General medical examination--The applicant shall not suffer from any disease or disability which renders him liable suddenly to become unable to handle aircraft safely.

The heart shall not possess any abnormality congenital or acquired which is likely to interfere with the safe handling of aircraft. Respiratory arrhythmia, occasional extra systoles which disappear on exercise, increase of pulse rate from excitement or exercise or a slow pulse not associated with auriculoventricular dissociation may be regarded as coming within "normal" limits.

Electrocardiography shall form part of the heart examination for the first issue of a licence and in re-examinations in all doubtful cases.

The systolic and diastolic blood pressures shall be within normal limits with due regard to age.

There shall be no significant functional or structural abnormality of the circulatory tree. The presence of varicosities shall not necessarily entail unfitness.

There shall be no acute disability of the lungs nor any active disease of the structures of the lungs, mediastinum or pleura. Radiography shall form a part of the medical examination for the grant and renewal of a licence and also in all doubtful clinical cases.

Cases of pulmonary emphysema should be assessed as unfit only if the condition is causing symptoms.

Cases of disabling disease with important impairment of function of the gastrointestinal tract and its adnexae shall be assessed as unfit.

Proven cases of diabetes mellitus shall be assessed as unfit; doubtful cases shall be assessed as unfit until the condition is proven to be non-diabetic.

Cases of significant localised and generalised enlargement of the lymphatic glands and of diseases of the blood shall be assessed as unfit. Those due to a transient condition should be assessed as only temporarily unfit.

Cases presenting any signs of organic disease of the kidneys shall be assessed as unfit; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit. The urine shall contain no abnormal element considered by the medical examiner to be pathological. Cases of affections of the urinary passages and of the genital organs shall be assessed as unfit; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit.

An applicant for the first grant of a licence who has a personal history of syphilis shall be required to furnish evidence, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that he has undergone adequate treatment.

Cases of presumed pregnancy shall be assessed as temporarily unfit.

Eye examination--There shall be no active pathological condition, acute or chronic, of either eye or adnexae which is likely to interfere with its proper function to an extent that would jeopardise safety in flight.

Ear examination--There shall be--

(a) no active pathological process, acute or chronic, of the internal ear or middle ear cleft;

(b) no permanent disturbances of the vestibular apparatus. Transient conditions may be assessed as temporarily unfit.

Nose, throat and mouth examination--There shall be no serious malformation or serious, acute or chronic affection of the buccal cavity or upper respiratory tract.

VISUAL REQUIREMENTS

For a visual acuity test in a lighted room a test illumination level of approximately 50 lux, normally corresponding to a brightness of 30 nits, shall be adopted. The light level of the room shall be approximately one fifth of the test illumination level.

For a visual acuity test in a darkened or semi-darkened room a test illumination level of approximately 15 lux, normally corresponding to a brightness of 10 nits, shall be adopted.

Visual acuity shall be measured by means of a series of optotypes of Landolt, or similar optotypes, placed at a distance of six metres from the applicant, or five metres, as appropriate to the method of testing adopted.

Any degree of heterophoria found in the test for Visual Requirement No. 1 or Visual Requirement No. 3 shall be noted in the applicant's medical record.

7. Visual Requirement No. 1.

The applicant shall be required to have--

(a) normal fields of vision;

(b) a visual acuity of at least 6/9, (20/30, 0.7) in each eye separately, with or without correcting glasses; if this visual acuity is obtained only by use of correcting glasses the vision without glasses in either or both eyes must be not less than 6/18, (20/60, 0.3) or, for a licence holder where refraction is the limiting factor 6/30, (20/100, 0.2) on renewal of a licence when the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that correcting glasses be worn when exercising the privileges of his licence.

(d) an accommodation permitting reading of the Jaeger chart No. 3 or its equivalent at a distance of 30 centimetres, with each eye separately, allowing the use of correcting glasses for this test if it be the usual habit of the applicant to wear them.

8. Visual Requirement No. 2.

The applicant shall be required to have--

(a) normal fields of vision;

(b) a visual acuity of at least 6/12, (20/40, 0.5) in each eye separately, with or without correcting glasses; if this visual acuity is obtained only by means of correcting glasses, the vision without glasses in either or both eyes must be not less than 6/30, (20/100, 0.2) when the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that correcting glasses be worn while exercising the privileges of his licence;

(c) an accommodation permitting reading of the Jaeger chart No. 3 or its equivalent at a distance of 30 centimetres with each eye separately, allowing the use of correcting glasses for this test if it be the usual habit of the applicant to wear them.

9. Visual Requirement No. 3.

The applicant shall be required to have--

(a) normal fields of vision;

(b) a visual acuity of at least 6/12, (20/40, 0.5) in each eye separately, with or without correcting glasses; if this visual acuity is obtained only by means of correcting glasses, the vision without glasses in either or both eyes must be not less than 6/60, (20/200, 0.1) when the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that correcting glasses be worn while exercising the privileges of his licence;

(c) an accommodation permitting reading of the Jaeger chart No. 3 or its equivalent at a distance of 30 centimetres, with each eye separately, allowing the use of correcting glasses for this test if it be the usual habit of the applicant to wear them.

COLOUR PERCEPTION REQUIREMENTS

The methods used for the examination shall be such as will guarantee a reliable test of the applicant's colour perception.

10. Colour Perception Requirement.

The applicant shall be required to demonstrate his ability to perceive readily those colours the perception of which is necessary for the safe performance of his duties.

The applicant who is able to obtain a correct score with pseudo-isochromatic tables used in daylight (or using an artificial light of the same colour temperature) shall be deemed fit without having to undergo any further test. An applicant who makes mistakes in such tests may nevertheless be assessed fit on condition that he identifies readily and correctly aviation coloured lights displayed by means of a recognised colour perception lantern.

HEARING REQUIREMENTS

The applicant shall be required to be free from any hearing defect which would interfere with the efficient performance of his duties in exercising the privileges of his licence. The hearing tests shall be carried out in a room in which the intensity of the background noise is less than 50 decibels.

11. Hearing Requirement No. 1.

The applicant shall be required not to have a hearing loss, in either ear separately, of more than 25 decibels at any one of the three frequencies, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 cycles per second and not more than 40 decibels at 3,000 cycles per second. If the hearing loss is greater than these limits, an applicant who has already acquired and demonstrated ability, skill and experience to the satisfaction of the Minister may nevertheless be declared fit, provided that--

(a) he has a hearing performance, in each ear separately, equivalent to that of a normal person, against a background noise that will represent the masking properties of flight deck noise upon speech and beacon signals, and

(b) he is able to hear an average conversational voice, using both ears, at a distance of 8 feet from the examiner and with his back turned to the examiner.

12. Hearing Requirement No. 2.

The applicant shall be required to hear an average conversational voice, using both ears, and standing with his back towards the examiner at a distance of 8 feet from the examiner.

GIVEN under my Official Seal, this 22nd day of July, 1966.

ERSKINE H. CHILDERS,

Minister for Transport and Power.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

This Order revokes and re-enacts with modifications the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951 ( S.I. No. 33 of 1951 ) as amended by the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) (Amendment) Order, 1953 ( S.I. No. 353 of 1953 ). Paragraph (2) of Article 3 of this Order provides that, notwithstanding the revocation, those provisions of the revoked Orders relating to the licences and ratings, which are continued in force by this Order, shall continue to have effect in relation to such licences and ratings during the currency thereof.

The principal modifications are as follows:--

(a) the Minister is empowered to give directions for carrying out the purposes of the Order in respect of the matters to which specified provisions of the Order relate (Article 4);

(b) the Minister may approve an organisation for the overhaul, modification, repair and maintenance of aircraft and may vest in the organisation any or all of the privileges of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence (Article 8, Paragraph (4) );

(d) the scope of the provision regarding unauthorised certifying is extended (Article 30);

(e) the technical requirements for licences to fly aeroplanes and helicopters and for certain ratings appropriate to such licences are modified and separate provisions in relation to helicopters are introduced where necessary; provision is made for the prescription of the technical requirements for licences to fly other types of aircraft and for certain ratings appropriate to such licences (Articles 35, 38, 39, 40 and Schedule 1);

(f) the privileges of licences to fly aeroplanes or helicopters and of certain ratings appropriate to such licences are set out in the Order; provision is made for the prescription of the privileges of licences to fly other types of aircraft and of certain ratings appropriate to such licences (Article 41);

(g) remuneration for acting as a private pilot may be accepted only in the circumstances which are specified (Article 41, Paragraph (3) );

(h) two new categories of aircraft maintenance engineer's licences are added namely "Category A and C--Rotorcraft" and "Category X--Radio" and the overhaul privilege of certain Category X licences is restricted to overhauls carried out by the licence holder as a member of and with the authority of an approved organisation (Article 61);

(i) a significant revision is made in the experience requirements for the grant of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence in Category X--Electrical Equipment and technical requirements for an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence in Category A and C--Rotorcraft and Category X--Radio are added (Schedule V, Paragraphs 16 to 18, 31 and 36 to 38).

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	Irish Statutory Instruments
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Irish Statutory Instruments

S.I. No. 165/1966 -- Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1966.